Address by Honorable Franklin K. Lane Informative Summary

Overview:

In his 1918 speech to the Highways Transport Committee Council of National Defense, Secretary of the Interior Franklin K. Lane emphasized the crucial role of highways in bolstering the war effort and the future of the nation. Drawing parallels with Napoleon and Caesar’s foresight in building roads that proved essential in France’s survival in World War I, Lane argued that highways are not just for short-haul freight but for long-term national security and economic prosperity. He highlighted the need for proper maintenance of roads to ensure their long-term efficacy, urging the committee to prioritize both construction and upkeep of America’s transportation arteries.

Lane further envisioned a future America where returned soldiers find ample opportunities in rural communities supported by a robust network of highways and rural express services. He advocated for a shift from a focus on quantity over quality in industrial development to prioritize sustainability and self-sufficiency, with rural communities becoming centers of agricultural and industrial cooperation. By fostering a spirit of cooperation and community, Lane believed that America could transition into a future with a more equitable and prosperous society, where individuals could find fulfilling lives regardless of background.

Key Findings:

Highways are crucial for national security: France’s ability to withstand German attacks during World War I was directly linked to their network of well-maintained roads.
Proper maintenance is essential: Simply building roads is insufficient; sustained investment in upkeep is crucial to maximize their usefulness.
Highways are more than just short-haul freight routes: They are vital for connecting communities, facilitating economic activity, and strengthening national infrastructure.
A robust highway network is key to rural development: The creation of small, self-sufficient communities with strong road connections is crucial for returning soldiers and the overall prosperity of the nation.
The war is a catalyst for change: America will not return to its pre-war state, with a greater emphasis on social equality and a sense of shared responsibility among citizens.

Learning:

The importance of infrastructure: Lane’s speech highlights the crucial role of infrastructure in national security and economic prosperity, emphasizing that roads are not just physical pathways but vital arteries of a nation’s well-being.
The interconnectedness of communities: The speech showcases how well-connected communities can thrive through collaboration and shared resources, underscoring the significance of accessible transportation for regional development.
The evolving role of the government: Lane’s vision of government-supported infrastructure projects and rural development showcases how the government can play a proactive role in addressing social and economic challenges.
The impact of war on society: The war is not just a military conflict but a transformative force shaping the social and economic landscape of nations, pushing for greater equality and social responsibility.
The importance of long-term vision: Lane’s message underscores the need to think beyond immediate needs and invest in projects that will yield long-term benefits for generations to come.

Historical Context:

Lane’s speech was delivered in September 1918, as the United States was deeply embroiled in World War I. The war had a profound impact on the American economy and society, leading to increased government intervention and a heightened focus on national mobilization. The nation was struggling with logistical challenges, including transporting troops and supplies effectively, making the development of transportation infrastructure, like highways, a critical priority.

Facts:

Napoleon and Caesar built roads that were essential for France’s survival in World War I: France’s robust road network, originally established by Caesar for military campaigns, allowed for quick troop movements and supply transport, helping to sustain their defense against German advances.
The cost of maintaining roads is crucial: Failing to dedicate sufficient funds for road maintenance can render even expensive construction projects ineffective and wasteful.
A significant portion of America’s arable land is unused: Nearly half of the arable land east of the Mississippi River is left idle, highlighting a substantial potential for agricultural expansion.
Millions of acres of cut-over and swamp lands are undeveloped: The vast tracts of undeveloped land, including cut-over forests and swampy areas, represent untapped resources for potential development and economic growth.
The return of soldiers will pose a significant challenge: The reintegration of millions of soldiers into civilian life will demand a robust plan to prevent unemployment and social instability.
The United States has a history of prioritizing quantity over quality in industrial development: America’s abundance of resources has often led to a focus on mass production, sometimes at the expense of product quality and sustainability.
The war is a leveling force: The war has blurred class distinctions as individuals from all backgrounds have served together in the military, fostering a greater sense of shared experience and camaraderie.
The war has brought out the best in Americans: The national crisis has inspired a surge of civic engagement, with individuals and corporations volunteering time and resources to support the war effort.
The war has highlighted the need for greater cooperation: The war has demonstrated that collective action and cooperation are essential for overcoming national challenges and achieving common goals.
The government has taken unprecedented powers in response to the war: The war has necessitated a shift in government powers, with expanded authority being exercised to manage the war effort and address national needs.
The war has fostered a spirit of social responsibility: The shared sacrifice and collective effort during the war have prompted a greater sense of social responsibility and a desire for a more equitable society.
The war has shown the need for long-term planning: The war has underscored the need to invest in long-term planning and infrastructure development to ensure national security and economic well-being.
The war has made people more aware of their interdependence: The shared struggle during the war has highlighted the interconnectedness of individuals and communities, emphasizing the need for cooperation and shared responsibility.
The war has challenged existing social norms: The war has brought about a reevaluation of social norms and expectations, with a greater emphasis on equality and shared responsibility among all citizens.
The war has increased public awareness of social problems: The war has brought social issues to the forefront, highlighting the need for government intervention and societal action to address inequality and poverty.
The war has fueled a desire for a better future: The war has instilled a desire for a more just and prosperous future, inspiring a collective determination to rebuild and create a better world.
The war has prompted a reassessment of priorities: The war has forced individuals and nations to reassess their priorities, recognizing the importance of collective well-being and the need for greater cooperation.
The war has fostered a sense of unity: The shared experience of the war has fostered a sense of national unity and solidarity among Americans.
The war has demonstrated the power of human resilience: The war has shown the remarkable ability of individuals and nations to overcome adversity and adapt to changing circumstances.
The war has left a lasting impact on American society: The war has had a profound and enduring impact on American society, shaping its political, social, and economic landscape.

Statistics:

One-half of the arable land east of the Mississippi River is unused: This statistic underscores the vast potential for agricultural development in the United States.
40,000,000 acres of land between Washington D.C. and New Orleans are privately owned and unused: This statistic further emphasizes the significant amount of undeveloped land available for potential development.
100,000,000 acres of cut-over lands in the Northwest are practically unused: This statistic highlights the substantial amount of land potentially available for new uses, such as agriculture or forestry.
15,000,000 acres of land in the West can be put under water: This statistic underscores the potential for expanding agricultural production through irrigation and water management.
The war has prompted a surge in civic engagement and volunteerism: This statistic showcases the increased willingness of Americans to contribute to the war effort and contribute to a common cause.
The war has led to expanded government authority and intervention: This statistic reflects the increased role of the government in managing the war effort and addressing national needs.
The war has spurred a significant increase in government spending: This statistic demonstrates the considerable investment required to support the war effort and address its consequences.
The war has led to a significant shift in labor markets: This statistic highlights the impact of the war on employment patterns and the need for government intervention in labor markets.
The war has resulted in a surge in national debt: This statistic reflects the financial costs associated with the war effort and the need for long-term financial planning.
The war has caused a rise in inflation: This statistic highlights the economic consequences of the war, impacting consumer prices and household budgets.
The war has led to an increase in demand for certain goods and services: This statistic demonstrates the impact of the war on production and distribution, with increased demand for war-related goods and services.
The war has resulted in a decline in production of certain goods and services: This statistic highlights the impact of the war on industrial output, with decreased production of non-essential goods.
The war has caused a significant shift in trade patterns: This statistic reflects the impact of the war on global trade, with disruptions to supply chains and new trade relationships.
The war has led to a surge in immigration: This statistic highlights the influx of individuals seeking refuge from the war and seeking opportunities in the United States.
The war has resulted in a significant increase in military personnel: This statistic demonstrates the scale of military mobilization and the challenges of reintegrating soldiers back into civilian life.
The war has led to a significant loss of life: This statistic highlights the human cost of the war and the need to honor those who served and sacrificed.
The war has had a lasting impact on global politics: This statistic underscores the profound and long-lasting consequences of the war, shaping the political landscape of the world.
The war has resulted in significant technological advancements: This statistic highlights the role of the war in accelerating technological innovation and development.
The war has inspired a surge in artistic and literary creativity: This statistic reflects the impact of the war on creative expression, with artists and writers using their work to explore the themes and consequences of the war.
The war has had a lasting impact on popular culture: This statistic highlights the enduring influence of the war on popular culture, with movies, music, and literature reflecting the experiences and themes of the war.

Terms:

Highways Transport Committee: A committee established by the Council of National Defense during World War I to optimize transportation over roads and relieve pressure on railroads.
Council of National Defense: A civilian agency established in 1916 to coordinate national resources and preparedness in anticipation of World War I.
Regional Chairmen: Leaders responsible for overseeing highway transport activities in specific geographic areas within the United States.
Interstate Commerce Commission: A regulatory body established in 1887 to oversee and regulate interstate railroads and other transportation industries.
Rural express: A transportation service for moving goods and people within rural areas, often utilizing trucks and other road-based vehicles.
Cut-over lands: Areas of land that have been cleared of forests for timber harvesting, often requiring restoration and reforestation efforts.
Arable land: Land that is suitable for agriculture and capable of supporting crops.
Swamp lands: Low-lying areas that are frequently flooded, requiring drainage and land management practices for development.
Arid lands: Regions that receive little rainfall, often requiring irrigation systems for agricultural development.
National mobilization: The process of organizing and coordinating national resources, industry, and manpower to support a wartime effort.

Examples:

The example of France’s roads: Lane highlights the importance of highways in France’s defense against Germany by mentioning the roads built by Caesar and Napoleon. He suggests that their survival in the face of overwhelming military might was directly linked to their well-maintained road network, allowing for swift troop movements and supply transport.
The example of Verdun: Lane uses the battle of Verdun as a case study in the importance of road infrastructure during wartime, highlighting the ability of French forces to sustain the defense of the city despite being cut off from rail lines. He emphasizes the role of trucks moving supplies 24/7 over the highway connecting Verdun to Paris.
The example of returning soldiers: Lane uses the example of the returning soldiers to illustrate the importance of having a plan for their reintegration into society. He emphasizes the need for providing them with opportunities for meaningful work and a sense of purpose.
The example of the two friends from Colorado: Lane uses the story of two friends who fought together in France to highlight the lasting bonds of brotherhood forged in war. This example underscores the importance of social support and community for the soldiers returning from the conflict.
The example of the farmer’s need for cooperation: Lane notes that farmers are often disadvantaged in developing cooperative schemes due to a lack of capital and resources. He argues that the government has a role to play in supporting these efforts to enhance the success of rural communities.
The example of the industrial United States: Lane discusses the United States’s tendency to prioritize quantity over quality in industrial development, leading to a focus on mass production. He suggests that a more sustainable and responsible approach is needed to ensure long-term economic and environmental well-being.
The example of the draft: Lane emphasizes the significance of the draft, a system that put individuals from all social classes and backgrounds into the military, as a significant step towards social equality.
The example of Mrs. Lane’s hospital: Lane mentions the establishment of a hospital for convalescent soldiers by his wife, Mrs. Lane, as an example of the widespread efforts to care for those returning from the war.
The example of the “big man” and the “little man”: Lane uses the metaphor of the “big man” and the “little man” to illustrate the shift in priorities brought about by the war, with a greater emphasis on collective good and a decline in self-serving behavior.
The example of a “new America”: Lane envisions a future America where rural communities are thriving through agricultural and industrial cooperation, with strong highway networks connecting them to the broader society. He emphasizes the importance of creating a more equitable and prosperous nation for all Americans.

Conclusion:

Franklin K. Lane’s 1918 speech to the Highways Transport Committee underscores the crucial role of infrastructure in bolstering both the war effort and the future of America. He argues that highways are not just roads for short-haul freight but vital arteries for national security and economic prosperity. Lane advocates for a long-term vision, emphasizing the importance of proper maintenance and strategic investment in infrastructure, as well as for prioritizing rural development and fostering a sense of community. His speech also points to the transformative power of war, highlighting its impact on social and economic structures and its potential to inspire greater social equality and cooperation. By urging the committee to prioritize highways and rural development, Lane envisioned a future America where returning soldiers find meaningful opportunities and all citizens can benefit from a more equitable and prosperous society.

Learn more