1: What is the common name for the plant Lamprocapnos spectabilis?
A: Rose
B: Bleeding heart
C: Sunflower
D: Orchid
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The common name for Lamprocapnos spectabilis is the bleeding heart, known for its heart-shaped flowers.
2: Which family does the bleeding heart belong to?
A: Rosaceae
B: Papaveraceae
C: Solanaceae
D: Fabaceae
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The bleeding heart belongs to the Papaveraceae family, which is the poppy family.
3: In which continents is the bleeding heart native?
A: South America
B: Europe
C: Northeast Asia
D: Africa
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The bleeding heart is native to Northeast Asia, including regions such as Siberia, northern China, Korea, and Japan.
4: What is another common name for the bleeding heart plant?
A: Heart flower
B: Dragon flower
C: Star flower
D: Spider flower
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Another common name for the bleeding heart is heart flower, referring to its distinctive flower shape.
5: Who reintroduced the bleeding heart to England in 1846?
A: Charles Darwin
B: Joseph Banks
C: Robert Fortune
D: Carl Linnaeus
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Robert Fortune, a Scottish botanist and plant hunter, reintroduced the bleeding heart to England in 1846.
6: The plant’s name “bleeding heart” refers to the appearance of its flowers. What shape do they resemble?
A: Stars
B: Hearts
C: Bells
D: Cups
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The flowers of the bleeding heart resemble conventional heart shapes, which gives the plant its name.
7: What is the flower color combination seen in the bleeding heart?
A: Blue and yellow
B: Red and black
C: Pink and white
D: Orange and green
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Bleeding heart flowers typically have bright fuchsia-pink outer petals and white inner petals.
8: The bleeding heart often becomes dormant in which season?
A: Spring
B: Summer
C: Winter
D: Fall
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The bleeding heart is known for becoming dormant during the summer season.
9: In which habitat is the bleeding heart typically found in Korea?
A: Grasslands
B: Deserts
C: Forests
D: Mountain rock crevices
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: In Korea, the bleeding heart grows as a shade-loving chasmophyte in rock crevices at low altitudes in mountains.
10: What cultural use does the bleeding heart have in China?
A: New Year decorations
B: Wedding bouquets
C: Funeral rituals
D: Love tokens
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: In Chinese culture, the bleeding heart, known as “purse peony,” is used as a love token in the language of flowers.
11: Bleeding heart plants have brittle roots. When should root cuttings typically be taken to propagate the plant?
A: Summer
B: Winter
C: Spring
D: Autumn
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Root cuttings for propagating the bleeding heart should be taken in spring.
12: Which part of the bleeding heart plant is used in traditional Chinese medicine?
A: Flowers
B: Stems
C: Leaves
D: Roots
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: In traditional Chinese medicine, the roots of the bleeding heart are used for their medicinal properties.
13: What potential symptoms can result from consuming bleeding heart leaves?
A: High fever
B: Seizures
C: Neurological symptoms
D: Hair loss
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Consuming bleeding heart leaves can give rise to neurological symptoms, such as confusion and irritability.
14: The bleeding heart is known by which whimsical common name in Japan?
A: Dragon scales
B: Lady-in-a-bath
C: Cat’s whiskers
D: Sea bream fishing rod
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: In Japan, one of the whimsical common names for the bleeding heart is “taitsurisō,” meaning “sea bream fishing rod.”
15: Which cultivar of the bleeding heart has yellow leaves?
A: Alba
B: Gold Heart
C: Valentine
D: White Star
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The ‘Gold Heart’ cultivar of the bleeding heart has yellow leaves.
16: Aphids often feed on which part of the bleeding heart plant?
A: Flowers
B: Bark
C: Leaves
D: Roots
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Aphids, along with slugs and snails, sometimes feed on the leaves of the bleeding heart.
17: What type of climate is ideal for growing the bleeding heart in full sun?
A: Hot and dry
B: Moist and cool
C: Cold and dry
D: Tropical
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: A moist and cool climate is ideal for growing the bleeding heart in full sun.
18: What is the primary risk associated with Lamprocapnos roots in traditional medicine?
A: High blood pressure
B: Vomiting and diarrhea
C: Skin rash
D: Hair loss
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Overdose from Lamprocapnos roots can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and in serious cases, respiratory failure and cardiac paralysis.
19: What notable feature distinguishes the “Valentine” cultivar of the bleeding heart?
A: Blue flowers
B: Self-standing stems
C: Red and white flowers
D: Fragrant blooms
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The “Valentine” cultivar of the bleeding heart is distinguished by its red and white flowers.
20: Which country’s folklore tells about “Jade Maiden Si Jun” relating to the bleeding heart plant?
A: Japan
B: Korea
C: China
D: Thailand
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Chinese folklore includes the tale of “Jade Maiden Si Jun” associated with the bleeding heart plant.
21: The flowers of the bleeding heart are said to fool which creatures due to their realistic shape?
A: Frogs
B: Butterflies
C: Ants
D: Bees
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The flowers that were embroidered with such skill in Chinese folklore fooled bees, which tried to pollinate them.
22: What is the main characteristic of the bleeding heart that makes it a popular garden plant?
A: High growth rate
B: Delectable fruit
C: Heart-shaped flowers
D: Fragrant leaves
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The heart-shaped flowers of the bleeding heart make it a popular garden plant.
23: Which chemicals in the bleeding heart are responsible for its toxic properties?
A: Flavonoids
B: Isoquinoline alkaloids
C: Terpenes
D: Glycosides
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The toxic properties of the bleeding heart are due to the presence of isoquinoline alkaloids.
24: Which alkaloid found in the bleeding heart can act as a GABAA receptor agonist?
A: Scoulerine
B: Nicotine
C: Morphine
D: Caffeine
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Scoulerine, an alkaloid found in the bleeding heart, can act as a GABAA receptor agonist.
25: What is the therapeutic use of the bleeding heart root in traditional medicine?
A: To improve appetite
B: To relieve anxiety
C: To detoxify and improve blood circulation
D: To reduce fever
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: In traditional medicine, the root of the bleeding heart is used to detoxify and improve blood circulation.
26: How were bleeding heart plants mistakenly used in a poisoning case in Korea?
A: Used in a salad
B: Added to soup
C: Included in a fish dish
D: Brewed as tea
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: In a poisoning case in Korea, bleeding heart leaves were mistakenly added to a dish of crucian carp and Korean radish greens.
27: What should be done to bleeding heart seeds before sowing them?
A: Freeze them
B: Sun-dry them
C: Sow them fresh
D: Heat treat them
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Bleeding heart seeds should be sown while they are still fresh for optimal germination.
28: What unique feature of traditional New Year celebrations do both Chinese and Korean names for the bleeding heart plant reference?
A: Dragon dances
B: Fireworks
C: Hand fans
D: Good luck purses
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Both Chinese and Korean names for the bleeding heart reference the shape of traditional good luck purses.
29: Which of these is NOT a common name for the bleeding heart plant?
A: Lady-in-a-bath
B: Gold bag flower
C: Purse peony
D: Dragon lily
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Dragon lily is not a common name for the bleeding heart plant.
30: Which poet wrote about the bleeding heart in the poem “Jade Maiden Si Jun”?
A: Bai Juyi
B: Li Bai
C: Wáng Wényīng
D: Du Fu
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The modern Chinese poet Wáng Wényīng wrote about the bleeding heart in the poem “Jade Maiden Si Jun.”
31: Which of the following flora is NOT related to the common names given to the bleeding heart in Japan and Korea?
A: Peony
B: Radish
C: Sea bream
D: Birch
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Birch is not related to the common names given to the bleeding heart in Japan and Korea.
32: What kind of plant is the bleeding heart classified as in terms of its lifecycle?
A: Annual
B: Biennial
C: Perennial
D: Epiphyte
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The bleeding heart is classified as a perennial plant because it lives for more than two years.
33: According to tradition, what shape do the pouches embroidered by Si Jun resemble?
A: Circles
B: Hearts
C: Triangles
D: Stars
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The pouches embroidered by Si Jun in the traditional tale resemble hearts, much like the flowers of the bleeding heart.
34: What feature makes the “Alba” cultivar of the bleeding heart distinctive?
A: Fragrant flowers
B: Large leaves
C: White flowers
D: Long stems
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The “Alba” cultivar of the bleeding heart is distinctive due to its white flowers.
35: How tall can the bleeding heart plant grow?
A: 30 cm
B: 60 cm
C: 90 cm
D: 120 cm
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The bleeding heart plant can grow up to 120 cm (47 in) tall.
36: During which seasons do bleeding heart flowers typically bloom?
A: Autumn and winter
B: Spring and early summer
C: Summer and autumn
D: Winter and spring
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Bleeding heart flowers bloom in spring and early summer.
37: What part of the bleeding heart plant is most susceptible to damage when disturbed?
A: Leaves
B: Flowers
C: Roots
D: Stems
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The roots of the bleeding heart plant are very brittle and easily damaged when disturbed.
38: What traditional medical properties are attributed to the bleeding heart in Chinese medicine?
A: Anti-inflammatory
B: Detoxification and blood circulation improvement
C: Antiseptic
D: Relaxant
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: In Chinese medicine, the bleeding heart is valued for its properties that aid in detoxification and improve blood circulation.
39: Which award has the bleeding heart gained from the Royal Horticultural Society?
A: Garden Merit
B: Flower of Distinction
C: Best Bloom
D: Master Grower
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The bleeding heart plant, particularly certain cultivars, has gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit.
40: What kind of poetical imagery is commonly used to describe the bleeding heart plant in Asian cultures?
A: Fiery dragons
B: Gentle raindrops
C: Lucky purses and sea bream
D: Bright stars
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Asian cultures often use the imagery of lucky purses and sea bream to describe the bleeding heart plant.
41: The bleeding heart produces seeds with which specialized feature for dispersal?
A: Elaiosomes
B: Wings
C: Burrs
D: Hooks
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The bleeding heart produces seeds that have elaiosomes, which attract ants for dispersal.
42: How should bleeding heart plants be divided for propagation?
A: In late fall or early spring
B: In mid-summer
C: During winter dormancy
D: At any time of the year
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Bleeding heart plants should be divided in late fall or early spring for propagation.
43: What was the accidental cause of poisoning by bleeding heart leaves reported in 2015?
A: A novice gardener
B: A restaurant chef
C: A home cook
D: A market vendor
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The accidental poisoning by bleeding heart leaves in 2015 was caused by a restaurant chef who mistakenly included the leaves in a dish.
44: Which part of the bleeding heart plant is poisonous if ingested?
A: Flowers
B: Leaves
C: Stems
D: Roots
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The leaves of the bleeding heart plant are poisonous if ingested.
45: What type of receptor agonist is the alkaloid scoulerine found in bleeding hearts?
A: Opioid receptor
B: GABAA receptor
C: NMDA receptor
D: Serotonin receptor
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Scoulerine found in bleeding hearts acts as a GABAA receptor agonist.
46: Which season’s foliage combines with bleeding heart roots to potentially cause confusion and poisoning cases?
A: Spring radish foliage
B: Autumn maple foliage
C: Summer citrus foliage
D: Winter holly foliage
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Spring radish foliage, which can be confused with bleeding heart roots, can lead to poisoning cases.
47: Which type of garden does the quote from Robert Fortune mention the bleeding heart plant growing in?
A: Succulent garden
B: Grotto Garden
C: Japanese Zen garden
D: Herb garden
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Robert Fortune mentions finding the bleeding heart plant growing in the Grotto Garden.
48: What adverse effect can direct contact with the bleeding heart plant cause in sensitive individuals?
A: Sneezing fits
B: Skin irritation
C: Hair loss
D: Blurred vision
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Direct contact with the bleeding heart plant can cause skin irritation in sensitive individuals.
49: What kind of dining experience led to a reported poisoning case involving bleeding heart leaves?
A: Family picnic
B: Fine dining at a restaurant
C: Home-cooked meal
D: Street food fair
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The reported poisoning case involving bleeding heart leaves occurred at a fine dining restaurant.
50: Which gardening award has the “Gold Heart” cultivar received?
A: Best Flowering Plant
B: Award of Garden Merit
C: Horticultural Star
D: Floral Excellence Award
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The “Gold Heart” cultivar has received the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit.
51: Which parts of the bleeding heart contain the highest concentration of alkaloids?
A: Flowers
B: Leaves
C: Roots
D: Seeds
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The roots of the bleeding heart contain the highest concentration of alkaloids.
52: In what condition do bleeding heart plants experience dormancy?
A: High temperatures
B: High humidity
C: Extended daylight
D: High rainfall
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Bleeding heart plants can become dormant in high temperatures.
53: Name one of the alkaloids present in the bleeding heart plant.
A: Morphine
B: Scoulerine
C: Nicotine
D: Curare
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: One of the alkaloids present in the bleeding heart plant is scoulerine.
54: Why might bleeding heart plants be unsuitable for certain home gardens?
A: Attracts many insects
B: Requires full shade
C: Contains toxic components
D: Grows too aggressively
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Bleeding heart plants might be unsuitable for certain home gardens due to their toxic components.
55: When were roots of Lamprocapnos spectabilis traditionally harvested for medicinal use in Chinese culture?
A: During spring bloom
B: In late autumn
C: At midnight
D: After the first frost
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The roots of Lamprocapnos spectabilis are traditionally harvested in late autumn for medicinal use in Chinese culture.
56: Which part of the bleeding heart flower is teardrop-shaped?
A: Sepals
B: Outer petals
C: Inner petals
D: Stamen
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The inner petals of the bleeding heart flower are teardrop-shaped.
57: What does the term “chasmophyte” used in relation to the bleeding heart’s habitat mean?
A: Grows in open fields
B: Grows in rock crevices
C: Grows near water bodies
D: Grows in sandy soil
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The term “chasmophyte” refers to plants that grow in rock crevices.
58: What is the main chemical class that accounts for the bitter and pungent taste in the bleeding heart’s medicinal roots?
A: Isoquinoline alkaloids
B: Terpenes
C: Flavonoids
D: Glycosides
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The main chemical class that accounts for the bitter and pungent taste in the bleeding heart’s roots is isoquinoline alkaloids.
59: How does bleeding heart typically propagate in garden settings?
A: Through bulbs
B: By runners
C: By root division
D: Via spores
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The bleeding heart typically propagates in garden settings through root division.
60: Besides its ornamental uses, why is the bleeding heart valued in traditional remedies?
A: As a food source
B: For homemade dyes
C: For its detoxifying and blood harmonizing properties
D: As a natural pesticide
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Besides its ornamental uses, the bleeding heart is valued in traditional remedies for its detoxifying and blood harmonizing properties.