1: What is the scientific name for domestic dogs?
A: Canis lupus
B: Canis familiaris
C: Felis catus
D: Bos taurus
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The scientific name for domestic dogs is Canis familiaris, although they are also considered a subspecies of the gray wolf, Canis lupus familiaris.
2: What animal is the closest living relative to the domestic dog?
A: Domestic cat
B: African wild dog
C: Gray wolf
D: Snow leopard
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The gray wolf is the closest living relative to the domestic dog.
3: Roughly how many years ago did humans domesticate dogs?
A: 5,000 years ago
B: 10,000 years ago
C: 15,000 years ago
D: 20,000 years ago
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Experts estimate that dogs were domesticated by hunter-gatherers more than 15,000 years ago.
4: What type of diet have dogs adapted to due to their long association with humans?
A: Carnivorous diet
B: Herbivorous diet
C: Starch-rich diet
D: Algae-based diet
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Dogs have adapted to thrive on a starch-rich diet due to their long association with humans.
5: What was the first species to be domesticated by humans?
A: Sheep
B: Dog
C: Horse
D: Cow
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The dog was the first species to be domesticated by humans.
6: Which famous scientist gave domestic dogs the species name Canis familiaris in 1758?
A: Charles Darwin
B: Isaac Newton
C: Carl Linnaeus
D: Gregor Mendel
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Carl Linnaeus classified the domestic dog as Canis familiaris in 1758.
7: Which dog breed is known for assisting police and the military?
A: Beagle
B: German Shepherd
C: Poodle
D: Chihuahua
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: German Shepherds are commonly used to assist police and the military due to their strength, intelligence, and trainability.
8: What term is often used to describe the strong bond between humans and dogs?
A: Man’s best friend
B: Furry friend
C: Human’s helper
D: Animal ally
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Due to their loyalty and companionship, dogs are often referred to as “man’s best friend.”
9: In which publication did Carl Linnaeus first list the domestic dog’s scientific name?
A: Origin of Species
B: Systema Naturae
C: Principia Mathematica
D: On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Carl Linnaeus listed the domestic dog’s scientific name, Canis familiaris, in his publication “Systema Naturae.”
10: Which body part helps dogs maintain balance and communicate their emotional state?
A: Ears
B: Tail
C: Nose
D: Paws
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: A dog’s tail helps them maintain balance and communicate their emotional state.
11: What is a unique feature of dogs that distinguishes them from other canids according to Linnaeus?
A: Upright ears
B: Clawed feet
C: Upturned tail
D: Spotted coat
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Linnaeus distinguished dogs from other canids by their upturned tail, which he noted was not found in any other canid.
12: Which gene study suggested the domestic dog’s origin from the gray wolf?
A: Genome-wide association study
B: Mitochondrial DNA study
C: CRISPR gene editing study
D: Human Genome Project
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: A study of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) indicated that the domestic dog may have originated from the gray wolf.
13: What type of skull shape is seen in breeds like mastiffs?
A: Dolichocephalic
B: Mesaticephalic
C: Brachycephalic
D: Scoliosis
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Mastiffs have a very short and broad brachycephalic skull type.
14: How many globally recognized dog breeds are there approximately?
A: 150
B: 250
C: 350
D: 450
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: There are around 450 globally recognized dog breeds.
15: Which ancient period did the domestic dog originate according to DNA evidence?
A: Neolithic
B: Bronze Age
C: Paleolithic
D: Iron Age
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: DNA evidence indicates that dogs were likely domesticated during the Paleolithic era.
16: For what purpose have dogs not been bred?
A: Hunting
B: Herding
C: Pulling loads
D: Flying
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Dogs have not been bred for flying.
17: Which breed of dog is often used for retrieving game during hunts?
A: Bulldog
B: Labrador Retriever
C: Dachshund
D: Pug
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Labrador Retrievers are frequently used for retrieving game during hunts.
18: Which structure in dogs works like scissor blades to help them eat meat?
A: Carnassials
B: Incisors
C: Molars
D: Canines
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The carnassials are specialized teeth that work like scissor blades to cut meat.
19: How do dogs typically communicate with each other?
A: Whistling
B: Tail wagging
C: Writing
D: Singing
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Dogs often communicate with each other through tail wagging.
20: What condition was the earliest known domesticated dog found in Bonn-Oberkassel, Germany suffering from?
A: Rabies
B: Canine distemper
C: Arthritis
D: Mange
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The earliest known domesticated dog found in Bonn-Oberkassel, Germany died of canine distemper.
21: About how old are the earliest generally accepted domesticated dog remains?
A: 5,000 years
B: 10,000 years
C: 14,000 years
D: 20,000 years
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The earliest generally accepted domesticated dog remains are dated to approximately 14,223 years ago.
22: How many vertebrae do dogs naturally have in their tails?
A: 5
B: 15
C: 20
D: 26
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Most dogs naturally have 26 vertebrae in their tails.
23: What type of coat do dogs originating from colder climates typically have?
A: Single coat
B: Double coat
C: Woolly coat
D: Feathered coat
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Dogs originating from colder climates typically have double coats, consisting of a coarse guard hair and a soft down hair.
24: Dogs are most likely to align their spines in which direction when defecating?
A: East-West
B: North-South
C: Northeast-Southwest
D: Southeast-Northwest
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Dogs prefer to defecate with their spines aligned in a north-south position in calm magnetic field conditions.
25: Which common kitchen ingredient is toxic to dogs?
A: Carrots
B: Onions
C: Potatoes
D: Tomatoes
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Onions are toxic to dogs and can cause thiosulfate poisoning.
26: On average, how many puppies are in a typical litter?
A: 2
B: 4
C: 6
D: 8
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: An average litter consists of about six puppies.
27: What is a dog’s dewclaw?
A: A sharp tooth
B: A claw on a dating app
C: An extra digit on the forelimb
D: Part of the tail
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: A dog’s dewclaw is an extra digit found on their forelimbs, sometimes also on their hind legs.
28: How long do dogs usually bear their litters after fertilization?
A: 28-38 days
B: 58-68 days
C: 78-88 days
D: 98-108 days
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Dogs bear their litters roughly 58 to 68 days after fertilization, with an average of 63 days.
29: Which sensory ability allows dogs to detect changes in the Earth’s magnetic field?
A: Vision
B: Hearing
C: Magnetoreception
D: Taste
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Magnetoreception allows dogs to detect changes in the Earth’s magnetic field.
30: What is one major benefit of neutering in female dogs?
A: Increased aggression
B: Tendency to escape
C: Reduced risk of mammary gland cancer
D: Increased fat storage
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Spaying female dogs reduces the risk of mammary gland cancer.
31: What condition causes dogs to wag their tails forcefully, sometimes injuring themselves?
A: Tick fever
B: Happy tail
C: Docked tail syndrome
D: Tail rot
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Happy tail is the condition where dogs wag their tails forcefully, leading to injury.
32: About how many minutes can dogs be coitally tied after mating?
A: 5-10 minutes
B: 20-40 minutes
C: 45-60 minutes
D: 70-90 minutes
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: After mating, dogs can be coitally tied for around 5-30 minutes.
33: Which dog breed is most prone to suffer from respiratory disease?
A: Greyhound
B: Bulldog
C: Dalmatian
D: Husky
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Bulldogs are more prone to respiratory diseases than other breeds.
34: What is coprophagy in dogs?
A: Swimming ability
B: Barking excessively
C: Eating feces
D: Digging holes
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Coprophagy is the term for dogs eating feces.
35: What type of visual world do dogs experience?
A: Full color vision
B: Reds and greens only
C: Yellows, blues, and grays
D: Black and white
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Dogs have dichromatic vision and see the world mostly in yellows, blues, and grays.
36: Around what percentage of dogs can swim without a trainer?
A: 20%
B: 36.5%
C: 63.5%
D: 85%
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Around 63.5% of dogs can swim without a trainer.
37: How many bones are in a dog’s skeletal structure?
A: 100-150
B: 200-250
C: 300-350
D: 400-450
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: All healthy dogs have an identical skeletal structure with the exception of the number of bones in the tail, roughly totaling around 206 bones in large breeds.
38: Which trait in certain dog breeds evolved to facilitate running and stealth?
A: Short legs
B: Long necks
C: Larger ears
D: Long tails
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Dwarfism resulting in short legs has been selectively used in breeds like dachshunds and corgis for running and stealth.
39: How long is the median lifespan of a dog?
A: 8.7 years
B: 10.7 years
C: 12.7 years
D: 14.7 years
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The median lifespan of a dog is approximately 12.7 years.
40: What percentage of the global dog population lives as pets in developed countries?
A: 10%
B: 20%
C: 30%
D: 40%
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: About 20% of the global dog population lives as pets in developed countries.
41: A dog’s skeletal system adapted for running includes which enhanced muscle group connections?
A: Epaxial and hypaxial muscles
B: Deltoid muscles
C: Trapezius muscles
D: Gluteus maximus muscles
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Dogs’ skeletal systems adapted for running include enhanced connections for epaxial and hypaxial muscles in their neck and back.
42: What is the domestication pathway most likely taken by dogs?
A: Commensal pathway
B: Prey pathway
C: Direct uptake pathway
D: Symbiotic pathway
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Dogs likely traveled a commensal pathway into domestication, benefiting from living close to human camps.
43: How many vertebrae can naturally short-tailed dogs have?
A: 2
B: 5
C: 13
D: 20
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Dogs with naturally short tails can have as few as three vertebrae.
44: What percentage of dogs could detect subtle ergonomic changes before an epileptic seizure in a study?
A: 20%
B: 30%
C: 50%
D: Over 75%
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: A study found that some dogs showed attention-getting behavior to their handlers before an impending seizure, although the exact percentage wasn’t provided, it indicates they had this ability.
45: Who is known as “man’s best friend”?
A: Cat
B: Horse
C: Dog
D: Parrot
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Dogs are known as “man’s best friend” due to their loyalty and companionship.
46: Which item is NOT toxic to dogs?
A: Chocolate solids
B: Grapes
C: Onions
D: Carrots
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Carrots are not toxic to dogs and can be a healthy treat.
47: What can an enlarged violet gland cause in dogs?
A: Happy tail
B: Bald spot on tail
C: Overactive thyroid
D: Decreased appetite
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: An enlarged violet gland can cause a bald spot on the dog’s tail from hair loss.
48: Which dog role does NOT involve assisting humans by performing physical tasks?
A: Guide dog
B: Therapy dog
C: Police dog
D: Show dog
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Show dogs participate in breed-conformation shows rather than performing physical tasks.
49: What breed-specific behavior can reduce fear and anxiety in children with conduct disorders?
A: Playing fetch
B: Snuggling
C: Agility training
D: Dog-assisted therapy
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Dog-assisted therapy has been shown to reduce fear and anxiety in children with conduct disorders.
50: From what period do most modern dog breeds derive?
A: Medieval period
B: Victorian era
C: Renaissance
D: Ancient Greece
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Most modern dog breeds were derived during the Victorian era through directed human selection.
51: What does a “double coat” in dogs consist of?
A: Two separate skin layers
B: A coarse guard hair and a soft down hair
C: Long hair and curly hair
D: Straight and wavy hair
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: A double coat consists of a coarse guard hair and a soft down hair, typical of dogs from colder climates.
52: How do dogs primarily communicate their mood or intent?
A: Vocal language
B: Ear movement
C: Tail position and movement
D: Blinking patterns
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Dogs primarily communicate their mood or intent through the position and movement of their tail.
53: How many amino acids are common to all life forms that dogs cannot synthesize?
A: 5
B: 8
C: 10
D: 12
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Dogs cannot synthesize ten amino acids that are common to all life forms.
54: What type of drive is typically evaluated in dogs for work-related purposes?
A: Prey drive
B: Sleep drive
C: Drink drive
D: Jogging drive
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Prey drive is often evaluated in dogs for work-related purposes like hunting and herding.
55: What weight-related factor negatively affects dogs’ longevity?
A: Malnutrition
B: Obesity
C: Vegetarian diet
D: Over-hydration
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Obesity correlates negatively with dogs’ longevity.
56: Which dog-related injury is common among hunting breeds?
A: Ear infections
B: Paw fractures
C: Back problems
D: Tail docking injuries
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Injuries related to tail docking are common among hunting breeds, often done to prevent tail injuries in the field.
57: What is traditionally one of dogs’ special uses, notably documented in numerous cultures?
A: Yoga practice
B: Weight training
C: Guarding and protection
D: Wilderness survival
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Dogs have been traditionally used for guarding and protection in numerous cultures.
58: How do modern breeds primarily display more diverse features than ancient canids?
A: Supernatural abilities
B: Artificial selection by humans
C: Natural genetic mutations
D: Dietary changes
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Dogs have undergone rapid phenotypic change and display extreme diversity due to artificial selection by humans.
59: What is the base coloring phenomenon involving an early onset in dogs linked to stress and anxiety?
A: Premature graying
B: Spotting
C: Albinism
D: Sequential shedding
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Premature graying in dogs as early as one year of age is linked to impulsive behaviors and anxiety.
60: When did the South Korean parliament pass a law banning the distribution and sale of dog meat to take effect in three years?
A: 2018
B: 2020
C: 2024
D: 2023
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: On 9 January 2024, the South Korean parliament passed a law banning the distribution and sale of dog meat, set to take effect in three years.