What did Graham Lusk argue was a more efficient and affordable source of protein than meat?
- Wheat
- Pork
- Rice
- Beans
Correct Answer: Pork
Correct Answer Explanation: Lusk argued that meat was not essential for health and that producing meat was inefficient. He favored pork and milk as alternative protein sources.
According to Lusk, what was a major consequence of overconsumption?
- Heart disease
- Diabetes
- Weight gain
- Depression
Correct Answer: Weight gain
Correct Answer Explanation: Lusk stressed the importance of weight management and calorie awareness, arguing that overweight individuals could contribute to food conservation by minimizing their energy requirements.
What did Lusk advocate for prioritizing the production of over beef?
- Chicken
- Pork
- Milk
- Eggs
Correct Answer: Milk
Correct Answer Explanation: Lusk believed that dairy production was more efficient and affordable than beef, providing more protein and calories per unit of feed.
What historical example did Lusk use to demonstrate the viability of meat-restricted diets?
- The diet of early American settlers
- The diet of ancient Roman soldiers
- The diet of Italian peasants
- The diet of English sailors
Correct Answer: The diet of Italian peasants
Correct Answer Explanation: Lusk pointed to the Italian peasants who thrived on a diet of corn, olive oil, and green leaves as evidence that a meat-free diet could be healthy.
What did Lusk suggest was a viable and affordable substitute for wheat?
- Rye
- Barley
- Corn
- Rice
Correct Answer: Corn
Correct Answer Explanation: Lusk advocated for corn as a sustainable and efficient food source that could be used to conserve wheat for export.
What did Lusk argue was the cheapest source of protein?
- Eggs
- Cheese
- Milk
- Beans
Correct Answer: Milk
Correct Answer Explanation: Lusk highlighted the affordability of milk as a source of protein, encouraging families to prioritize its consumption.
According to Lusk, what did the production of beef require significantly more of than the production of milk or pork?
- Water
- Land
- Labor
- Feed
Correct Answer: Feed
Correct Answer Explanation: Lusk argued that producing beef was inefficient because it required much more feed than producing milk or pork of the same nutritional value.
What did Lusk argue could help delay fatigue when consumed in small amounts?
- Caffeine
- Chocolate
- Sugar
- Alcohol
Correct Answer: Sugar
Correct Answer Explanation: Lusk encouraged the use of sugar as a supplement to enhance performance, especially during periods of exertion.
According to Lusk, what was the primary source of energy for work and physical activity?
- Protein
- Fat
- Carbohydrates
- Vitamins
Correct Answer: Carbohydrates
Correct Answer Explanation: Lusk emphasized the importance of including carbohydrates, such as bread, corn, rice, and macaroni, in the diet.
What did Lusk say was a valuable resource during wartime?
- Olive oil
- Corn syrup
- Butter
- Wine
Correct Answer: Corn syrup
Correct Answer Explanation: Lusk suggested using corn syrup as a substitute for sugar, a valuable resource that was needed for wartime efforts.
What did Lusk suggest could significantly reduce an individual’s caloric needs?
- Fasting
- Exercise
- Weight loss
- Reducing alcohol consumption
Correct Answer: Weight loss
Correct Answer Explanation: Lusk encouraged overweight individuals to prioritize weight management, as reducing body weight could significantly reduce their energy requirements, leading to food conservation.
According to Lusk, what was a common misconception about meat?
- It was essential for health
- It was a cheap source of protein
- It increased muscular power
- It was readily available
Correct Answer: It increased muscular power
Correct Answer Explanation: Lusk challenged the belief that meat enhanced muscle strength or athletic performance, suggesting that other sources of protein could be equally effective.
What did Lusk argue was a false sense of energy?
- Caffeine
- Sugar
- Alcohol
- Chocolate
Correct Answer: Alcohol
Correct Answer Explanation: Lusk cautioned against alcohol consumption, noting that it actually diminished work capacity, even though it provided a false sense of energy.
According to Lusk, what was a significant factor in determining the energy needed for various activities?
- Body type
- Muscle mass
- Time of day
- Posture
Correct Answer: Posture
Correct Answer Explanation: Lusk noted that standing required more energy than sitting, and carrying a load further increased energy demands.
What did Lusk suggest was the most efficient way to recover grain energy for human consumption?
- Beef production
- Mutton production
- Pork production
- Milk production
Correct Answer: Milk production
Correct Answer Explanation: Lusk emphasized that milk production was more efficient than other methods, recovering a higher percentage of grain energy for human consumption.
What did Lusk suggest could be a substitute for butter?
- Margarine
- Olive oil
- Vegetable shortening
- Lard
Correct Answer: Margarine
Correct Answer Explanation: Lusk highlighted the affordability of oleomargarine as a substitute for butter, especially during wartime when resources were limited.
According to Lusk, what could be a source of the fat-soluble vitamin necessary for growth?
- Oleomargarine
- Vegetable oils
- Butter
- Whole milk
Correct Answer: Oleomargarine
Correct Answer Explanation: Lusk noted that oleomargarine, produced from beef fat, contained the fat-soluble vitamin necessary for growth.
What did Lusk suggest was a more efficient use of milk resources than the production of cream?
- Cheese production
- Yogurt production
- Whole milk consumption
- Ice cream production
Correct Answer: Whole milk consumption
Correct Answer Explanation: Lusk argued that consuming whole milk provided a complete range of nutrients, while the production of cream represented a significant waste of milk resources.
According to Lusk, what did a soldier on a forced march need per day?
- 2,500 calories
- 3,500 calories
- 4,500 calories
- 5,500 calories
Correct Answer: 4,500 calories
Correct Answer Explanation: Lusk calculated the calorie needs of a soldier on a long hike, highlighting the significant energy requirements for physically demanding activities.
According to Lusk, what did a tailor working 8 hours a day need per day?
- 1,500 calories
- 2,000 calories
- 2,500 calories
- 3,000 calories
Correct Answer: 2,500 calories
Correct Answer Explanation: Lusk provided specific examples of calorie requirements for various occupations, illustrating the importance of tailoring food intake to the demands of different jobs.
According to Lusk, what was the increase in calories needed per hour for a seamstress using a sewing machine?
- 10-20 calories
- 20-40 calories
- 40-60 calories
- 60-80 calories
Correct Answer: 20-40 calories
Correct Answer Explanation: Lusk highlighted how specific tasks within a profession could impact energy demands, showing that a seamstress using a sewing machine needed slightly more calories per hour.
According to Lusk, what was the increase in calories needed per hour for a housemaid?
- 50-100 calories
- 80-160 calories
- 100-200 calories
- 150-250 calories
Correct Answer: 80-160 calories
Correct Answer Explanation: Lusk recognized the significant energy requirements for physically demanding occupations, demonstrating the need for adequate calorie intake for workers in labor-intensive fields.
According to Lusk, what was the increase in calories needed per hour for a stonemason?
- 100-200 calories
- 200-300 calories
- 300-400 calories
- 400-500 calories
Correct Answer: 200-300 calories
Correct Answer Explanation: Lusk emphasized the high calorie needs for physically demanding jobs, encouraging proper calorie intake to support individuals performing heavy manual labor.
According to Lusk, what was the increase in calories needed per hour for a man sawing wood?
- 200-300 calories
- 300-400 calories
- 400-500 calories
- 500-600 calories
Correct Answer: 300-400 calories
Correct Answer Explanation: Lusk demonstrated the significant energy demands associated with specific activities, highlighting the importance of tailoring calorie intake to specific work requirements.
According to Lusk, how much did cottonseed oil cost per 1,000 calories?
- 5 cents
- 7.3 cents
- 10 cents
- 15 cents
Correct Answer: 7.3 cents
Correct Answer Explanation: Lusk provided specific examples of the cost of various food sources based on their calorie content, empowering consumers to make informed decisions about their purchases.
According to Lusk, how much did oleomargarine cost per 1,000 calories?
- 5 cents
- 7.3 cents
- 8.5 cents
- 10 cents
Correct Answer: 8.5 cents
Correct Answer Explanation: Lusk provided a comparison of the costs of different fat sources, demonstrating the affordability of oleomargarine as an alternative to butter.
According to Lusk, how much did cream cost per 1,000 calories?
- 20 cents
- 30 cents
- 37.7 cents
- 40 cents
Correct Answer: 37.7 cents
Correct Answer Explanation: Lusk highlighted the high cost of cream as a source of fat, encouraging the consumption of whole milk and other more affordable fat sources.
What did Lusk call the minimum amount of energy the body needs to function at rest?
- Basal metabolism
- Specific dynamic action
- Calorie expenditure
- Energy requirement
Correct Answer: Basal metabolism
Correct Answer Explanation: Lusk introduced the concept of basal metabolism as the minimum amount of energy the body needs to function at rest.
What did Lusk define as the increase in heat production caused by the body’s metabolism of protein?
- Basal metabolism
- Specific dynamic action
- Calorie expenditure
- Energy requirement
Correct Answer: Specific dynamic action
Correct Answer Explanation: Lusk explained the concept of specific dynamic action, the increase in heat production caused by the body’s metabolism of protein.
What is the name for the disease caused by a deficiency of niacin, often associated with the consumption of diets high in corn and low in animal protein?
- Scurvy
- Rickets
- Beriberi
- Pellagra
Correct Answer: Pellagra
Correct Answer Explanation: Lusk acknowledged the potential for pellagra, a disease caused by a niacin deficiency, in individuals consuming diets high in corn and low in animal protein.
What was the name of the research project conducted in 1912 to study the health and mortality of American life insurance policyholders?
- Medico-Actuarial Investigation
- The American Medical Association Study
- The National Health Survey
- The Life Insurance Institute Survey
Correct Answer: Medico-Actuarial Investigation
Correct Answer Explanation: Lusk cited the Medico-Actuarial Investigation, a research project that examined the health and mortality of American life insurance policyholders, as a source of data on nutrition and health.
What did Lusk suggest was an example of an efficient use of feed resources for pork production?
- A pig weighing 100 pounds
- A pig weighing 150 pounds
- A pig weighing 200 pounds
- A pig weighing 250 pounds
Correct Answer: A pig weighing 150 pounds
Correct Answer Explanation: Lusk referred to a pig weighing 150 pounds as the “maximal economic hog,” representing the most efficient use of feed resources for pork production.