Isabella Bird’s book, Journeys in Persia and Kurdistan, documents her travels through the mountainous region of Persia in 1891. What is the main tribe she focuses on?
- The Kurdish tribes
- The Bakhtiari tribes
- The Azeri tribes
- The Qashqai tribes
Correct Answer: The Bakhtiari tribes
Correct Answer Explanation: Isabella Bird’s book focuses heavily on the Bakhtiari tribes, their lifestyle, culture, and their relationship with the Persian government.
The Bakhtiari tribes practice a unique form of agriculture that is adapted to their mountainous environment. What is this form of agriculture called?
- Terracing
- Irrigation
- Nomadic farming
- Slash and burn
Correct Answer: Terracing
Correct Answer Explanation: The Bakhtiari tribes practice terracing, creating leveled steps on the mountain slopes for cultivating crops, maximizing their available farmland.
The Bakhtiari are known for their unique and intricate system of water management. What is the primary way they transport water for irrigation?
- Canals
- Aqueducts
- Underground tunnels
- Open-air pipes
Correct Answer: Underground tunnels
Correct Answer Explanation: The Bakhtiari use underground tunnels, known as “canaat,” to transport water from sources high in the mountains to their cultivated fields, utilizing gravity and minimizing water loss.
What is the main food source for the Bakhtiari people?
- Wheat
- Rice
- Barley
- Mast (curdled milk)
Correct Answer: Mast (curdled milk)
Correct Answer Explanation: Mast, curdled milk, is a staple food for the Bakhtiari, and they use it in various dishes and as a drink. They rarely use fresh milk.
What is a major factor that contributes to the Bakhtiari’s poverty and internal conflicts?
- Lack of fertile land
- The oppressive taxation imposed by the Persian government
- Limited access to trade routes
- The prevalence of blood feuds
Correct Answer: The oppressive taxation imposed by the Persian government
Correct Answer Explanation: The Persian government imposes heavy taxes on the Bakhtiari tribes, leaving them impoverished and contributing to internal conflicts as they struggle to survive.
What is a primary reason why the Bakhtiari tribes are constantly at odds with each other?
- Disputes over land ownership
- Differences in religious beliefs
- Rivalry for political power
- Disputes over access to water resources
Correct Answer: Disputes over land ownership
Correct Answer Explanation: The Bakhtiari tribes are constantly in conflict with each other over the ownership of land and grazing rights, leading to frequent feuds and violence.
The Bakhtiari tribes often find themselves caught in the crosshairs of a larger political conflict. What two countries are the main players in this conflict?
- Russia and Britain
- France and Germany
- Turkey and Persia
- Britain and Persia
Correct Answer: Russia and Britain
Correct Answer Explanation: The Bakhtiari are caught between the competing interests of Russia and Britain, who are vying for influence in Persia.
The Bakhtiari tribes possess a unique social structure with a strong hierarchy. Who is the leader of all the tribes?
- The Shah of Persia
- The Ilkhani (chieftain)
- The headman of the largest village
- The headman of the largest tribe
Correct Answer: The Ilkhani (chieftain)
Correct Answer Explanation: The Ilkhani is the leader of all the Bakhtiari tribes, holding significant power and influence over their affairs.
What are the summer pastures used by the Bakhtiari called?
- Yailak
- Tang
- Ilyats
- Ketchuda
Correct Answer: Yailak
Correct Answer Explanation: The Bakhtiari migrate to summer pastures, known as Yailak, high in the mountains to escape the heat and provide grazing for their livestock.
The Bakhtiari women have a distinct role in their society, often facing certain limitations. What is one of the main restrictions they face?
- They are not allowed to own property
- They are not allowed to participate in religious rituals
- They are not allowed to travel outside of their village
- They are not allowed to speak outside the home
Correct Answer: They are not allowed to speak outside the home
Correct Answer Explanation: Bakhtiari women are often confined to domestic roles and are not encouraged to speak outside the home, reflecting the patriarchal structure of the society.
What is the name of the mountain range that is considered the true source of the Karun and Zainderud rivers?
- The Zard Kuh Range
- The Kala Kuh Range
- The Kuh-i-Rang
- The Kuh-i-Parwez
Correct Answer: The Kuh-i-Rang
Correct Answer Explanation: The Kuh-i-Rang mountain range is considered the true source of the Karun and Zainderud rivers, a vital water source for the region.
The Bakhtiari people often use a type of footwear made from a unique material. What are these shoes called?
- Ghevas
- Yekdan
- Shulwars
- Canaat
Correct Answer: Ghevas
Correct Answer Explanation: The Bakhtiari wear ghevas, which are shoes made from sturdy cotton webbing and compressed rag soles, designed for their rugged terrain.
What is the name of the ancient stone bridge that demonstrates a period of greater civilization in Upper Elam?
- Pul-i-Hawa
- Pul-i-Kul
- The Gardan-i-Cherri Pass
- The Kar Kanun Cleft
Correct Answer: Pul-i-Kul
Correct Answer Explanation: The Pul-i-Kul bridge, with its level approaches, suggests a past era of more advanced infrastructure and a greater level of civilization in the region.
Shah Abbas the Great, a 17th-century ruler, attempted to divert the Karun River into the Zainderud River. What was the primary reason this project failed?
- Lack of funding
- Opposition from the Bakhtiari tribes
- The challenging geological terrain
- The project was abandoned due to political unrest
Correct Answer: The challenging geological terrain
Correct Answer Explanation: The project to divert the Karun River was abandoned due to the challenging geological terrain, which made it impossible to achieve.
What is the name of the deep artificial gash created by Shah Abbas the Great in his attempt to divert the Karun River?
- The Gardan-i-Cherri Pass
- The Kar Kanun Cleft
- The Kuh-i-Rang
- The Kala Kuh
Correct Answer: The Kar Kanun Cleft
Correct Answer Explanation: Shah Abbas’s attempt to divert the river left behind a significant mark on the landscape, known as the Kar Kanun Cleft.
What is the approximate altitude of the Gardan-i-Cherri Pass?
- 9200 feet
- 11,400 feet
- 13,000 feet
- 7500 feet
Correct Answer: 9200 feet
Correct Answer Explanation: The Gardan-i-Cherri Pass is a significant passage point in the Bakhtiari region, with an elevation of approximately 9200 feet.
The Bakhtiari tribes rely on a form of traditional medicine that utilizes natural remedies. What is a common treatment for fever?
- Willow bark
- Bitumen
- Live hens
- Charcoal
Correct Answer: Willow bark
Correct Answer Explanation: The Bakhtiari use willow bark, a natural source of salicin, a compound with anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving properties, to treat fevers.
In the village of Sahid, what unusual food source do the people rely on?
- Acorn flour
- Wild celery
- Rice
- Mast
Correct Answer: Acorn flour
Correct Answer Explanation: In the remote village of Sahid, the people consume bread made from acorn flour, which they collect and process by removing bitter juices.
What is a common tradition among Bakhtiari women, where they offer their hair locks in tribute to their deceased loved ones?
- Sacrificing their hair
- Offering hair to a shrine
- Weaving hair into a special braid
- Dying their hair a specific color
Correct Answer: Sacrificing their hair
Correct Answer Explanation: Bakhtiari women often sacrifice their hair locks, known as “choti,” as a mark of respect to honor their deceased husbands or other male relatives.
What is the name of the narrow gorge that is characterized by the presence of bituminous shale and a chalybeate spring?
- The Gardan-i-Cherri Pass
- The Kala Kuh Range
- The Badush Gully
- The Kar Kanun Cleft
Correct Answer: The Badush Gully
Correct Answer Explanation: The Badush Gully is a narrow ravine known for its unique geological features, including bituminous shale and a chalybeate spring, indicating the presence of minerals.
What is the name of the fortress built into the cliffs that provides protection for the village of Arjanak?
- The Gardan-i-Cherri Pass
- The Kala Kuh Range
- The Arjanak Fortress
- The Kar Kanun Cleft
Correct Answer: The Arjanak Fortress
Correct Answer Explanation: The village of Arjanak, built on steep ledges, has a fortress integrated into the cliffs to provide protection against attacks.
What is the name of the chieftain of the Magawe tribe who is involved in a blood feud with Aslam Khan, the chief of the Zalaki tribe?
- Taimur Khan
- Mirab Khan
- Aziz Khan
- Aslam Khan
Correct Answer: Taimur Khan
Correct Answer Explanation: Taimur Khan, chief of the Magawe tribe, is embroiled in a blood feud with Aslam Khan, the chief of the Zalaki tribe, stemming from a murder and Taimur’s protection of the murderer.
What is the name of the wicker bridge over the Guwa River that exemplifies the Bakhtiari’s ingenuity in navigating difficult terrain?
- Pul-i-Guwa Bridge
- The Gardan-i-Cherri Pass
- The Kar Kanun Cleft
- The Kala Kuh Range
Correct Answer: Pul-i-Guwa Bridge
Correct Answer Explanation: The Pul-i-Guwa Bridge, made from woven wicker, demonstrates the Bakhtiari’s ability to build structures to traverse challenging terrain.
What is the name of the river that is notable for its winding course and its parallel flow with the Bazuft River?
- The Ab-i-Diz River
- The Ab-i-Burujird River
- The Ab-i-Basnoi River
- The Karun River
Correct Answer: The Karun River
Correct Answer Explanation: The Karun River is known for its unusual winding course, running alongside the Bazuft River, and its potential for future commercial development.
What is the name of the mountain range that is characterized by its narrow wall-like structure, ruggedness, and lack of vegetation?
- The Zard Kuh Range
- The Kala Kuh Range
- The Kuh-i-Rang
- The Kuh-i-Parwez
Correct Answer: The Zard Kuh Range
Correct Answer Explanation: The Zard Kuh Range, with its distinctive narrow wall-like structure, ruggedness, and limited vegetation, is a prominent feature of the Bakhtiari region.
What is the approximate elevation of the Gil-i-Shah Pass?
- 9200 feet
- 11,400 feet
- 13,000 feet
- 7500 feet
Correct Answer: 11,400 feet
Correct Answer Explanation: The Gil-i-Shah Pass, a significant passage point in the Bakhtiari region, has an elevation of approximately 11,400 feet.
What is the name of the village where the inhabitants only reside for three months during winter, living in primitive dwellings built on steep ledges?
- Shahbadar
- Arjanak
- Gorab
- Sahid
Correct Answer: Shahbadar
Correct Answer Explanation: The village of Shahbadar is only inhabited for three months during winter, with the people living in primitive dwellings built on steep ledges.
What is the name of the spring that was initially believed to be the source of the Karun River?
- The Gardan-i-Cherri Pass
- The Kala Kuh Range
- The Sar-i-Cheshmeh-i-Kurang
- The Kar Kanun Cleft
Correct Answer: The Sar-i-Cheshmeh-i-Kurang
Correct Answer Explanation: The Sar-i-Cheshmeh-i-Kurang was initially thought to be the source of the Karun River, but later proven to be false.
What is the name of the mountain that has an elevation of 12,010 feet?
- The Kala Kuh
- The Kuh-i-Parwez
- The Kuh-i-Shahan
- The Zard Kuh
Correct Answer: The Kuh-i-Shahan
Correct Answer Explanation: The Kuh-i-Shahan, a prominent mountain in the Bakhtiari region, has an elevation of 12,010 feet.
What is the name of the pass that has an elevation of 10,200 feet?
- The Gardan-i-Cherri Pass
- The Kala Kuh Range
- The Gardan-i-Gunak
- The Kar Kanun Cleft
Correct Answer: The Gardan-i-Gunak
Correct Answer Explanation: The Gardan-i-Gunak, a significant passage point in the Bakhtiari region, has an elevation of approximately 10,200 feet.
What is the name of the river that is formed by the confluence of the Ab-i-Burujird and Ab-i-Basnoi rivers?
- The Karun River
- The Ab-i-Diz River
- The Ab-i-Basnoi River
- The Ab-i-Burujird River
Correct Answer: The Ab-i-Diz River
Correct Answer Explanation: The Ab-i-Diz River is formed by the confluence of the Ab-i-Burujird and Ab-i-Basnoi rivers, forming a major waterway for drainage.
What is the name of the mountain range that is considered finer than the Zard Kuh Range, with more distinct peaks?
- The Kuh-i-Rang
- The Kala Kuh Range
- The Kuh-i-Parwez
- The Zard Kuh Range
Correct Answer: The Kala Kuh Range
Correct Answer Explanation: The Kala Kuh Range is considered finer than the Zard Kuh Range, with more broken peaks and a more varied landscape.
What is the name of the gorge that has a drop of 5000 feet to the Ab-i-Burujird River?
- The Tang-i-Bahrain
- The Tang-i-Darkash Warkash
- The Handawan Pass
- The Shuturun Kuh
Correct Answer: The Tang-i-Bahrain
Correct Answer Explanation: The Tang-i-Bahrain is a significant gorge with a steep drop of 5000 feet to the Ab-i-Burujird River.
What is the approximate elevation of the Handawan Pass?
- 9200 feet
- 11,400 feet
- 13,000 feet
- 7500 feet
Correct Answer: 7500 feet
Correct Answer Explanation: The Handawan Pass, a significant passage point in the Bakhtiari region, has an elevation of approximately 7500 feet.
What is the approximate elevation of the Shuturun Kuh mountain?
- 9200 feet
- 11,400 feet
- 13,000 feet
- 7500 feet
Correct Answer: 7500 feet
Correct Answer Explanation: The Shuturun Kuh mountain, a prominent feature of the Bakhtiari region, has an elevation of approximately 7500 feet.
What is the name of the lake that has an altitude of 8800 feet?
- The Lake Irene
- The Karun River
- The Ab-i-Diz River
- The Ab-i-Burujird River
Correct Answer: The Lake Irene
Correct Answer Explanation: The Lake Irene, a high-altitude lake in the Bakhtiari region, has an elevation of approximately 8800 feet.
What is the name of the mountain that has a 5000-foot scarp to the river?
- The Kuh-i-Shahan
- The Kuh-i-Parwez
- The Tuk-i-Karu
- The Zard Kuh
Correct Answer: The Tuk-i-Karu
Correct Answer Explanation: The Tuk-i-Karu, a prominent mountain in the Bakhtiari region, has a steep 5000-foot scarp facing the river.
What is the name of the mountain that has a drop of 4300 feet to the Holiwar valley?
- The Kuh-i-Parwez
- The Kuh-i-Shahan
- The Tuk-i-Karu
- The Zard Kuh
Correct Answer: The Kuh-i-Parwez
Correct Answer Explanation: The Kuh-i-Parwez, a prominent mountain in the Bakhtiari region, has a steep drop of 4300 feet to the Holiwar valley.
What is the approximate elevation of the Pul-i-Hawa bridge?
- 9200 feet
- 11,400 feet
- 13,000 feet
- 3800 feet
Correct Answer: 3800 feet
Correct Answer Explanation: The Pul-i-Hawa bridge, a significant passage point in the Bakhtiari region, has an elevation of approximately 3800 feet.
What is the approximate fall of the Ab-i-Diz River?
- 9000 feet
- 4000 feet
- 5000 feet
- 7500 feet
Correct Answer: 4000 feet
Correct Answer Explanation: The Ab-i-Diz River, a major waterway in the Bakhtiari region, has an approximate fall of 4000 feet.
What is the approximate elevation of the Kala Kuh mountain?
- 9200 feet
- 11,400 feet
- 13,000 feet
- 7500 feet
Correct Answer: 9200 feet
Correct Answer Explanation: The Kala Kuh mountain, a prominent feature of the Bakhtiari region, has an elevation of approximately 9200 feet.
What is the approximate elevation of the Parwez mountain?
- 9200 feet
- 11,000 feet
- 13,000 feet
- 7500 feet
Correct Answer: 11,000 feet
Correct Answer Explanation: The Parwez mountain, a prominent feature of the Bakhtiari region, has an elevation of approximately 11,000 feet.
What is the approximate elevation of the Gardan-i-Gunak pass?
- 9200 feet
- 11,000 feet
- 10,200 feet
- 7500 feet
Correct Answer: 10,200 feet
Correct Answer Explanation: The Gardan-i-Gunak pass, a significant passage point in the Bakhtiari region, has an elevation of approximately 10,200 feet.
What is the approximate elevation of the Kuh-i-Shahan mountain?
- 9200 feet
- 11,000 feet
- 12,010 feet
- 7500 feet
Correct Answer: 12,010 feet
Correct Answer Explanation: The Kuh-i-Shahan mountain, a prominent feature of the Bakhtiari region, has an elevation of approximately 12,010 feet.
What is the approximate elevation of the Gal-i-Gav Pass?
- 9200 feet
- 11,150 feet
- 13,000 feet
- 7500 feet
Correct Answer: 11,150 feet
Correct Answer Explanation: The Gal-i-Gav Pass, a significant passage point in the Bakhtiari region, has an elevation of approximately 11,150 feet.
What is the approximate elevation of the Gal-i-Bard-i-Jamal Pass?
- 9200 feet
- 10,500 feet
- 13,000 feet
- 7500 feet
Correct Answer: 10,500 feet
Correct Answer Explanation: The Gal-i-Bard-i-Jamal Pass, a significant passage point in the Bakhtiari region, has an elevation of approximately 10,500 feet.
What is the approximate elevation of the Pambakal Pass?
- 9200 feet
- 11,400 feet
- 13,000 feet
- 7500 feet
Correct Answer: 11,400 feet
Correct Answer Explanation: The Pambakal Pass, a significant passage point in the Bakhtiari region, has an elevation of approximately 11,400 feet.
What is the approximate distance that the Karun River travels?
- 100 miles
- 250 miles
- 500 miles
- 750 miles
Correct Answer: 250 miles
Correct Answer Explanation: The Karun River, a major waterway in the Bakhtiari region, travels approximately 250 miles.
What is the approximate aggregate fall of the Karun River?
- 4000 feet
- 5000 feet
- 7500 feet
- 9000 feet
Correct Answer: 9000 feet
Correct Answer Explanation: The Karun River, a major waterway in the Bakhtiari region, has an approximate aggregate fall of 9000 feet.
What is the approximate area that the Tang-i-Darkash Warkash gorge drains?
- 1000 square miles
- 2500 square miles
- 5000 square miles
- 7500 square miles
Correct Answer: 2500 square miles
Correct Answer Explanation: The Tang-i-Darkash Warkash gorge, a significant feature of the Bakhtiari region, drains approximately 2500 square miles.
What is the approximate elevation of some summits in the Zard Kuh Range?
- 9200 feet
- 11,000 feet
- 13,000 feet
- 7500 feet
Correct Answer: 13,000 feet
Correct Answer Explanation: Some summits in the Zard Kuh Range, a prominent mountain range in the Bakhtiari region, reach elevations of approximately 13,000 feet.
The Bakhtiari tribes export a variety of goods to trade. What is NOT a common export item for the Bakhtiari?
- Opium
- Mules
- Charcoal
- Wheat
Correct Answer: Wheat
Correct Answer Explanation: While the Bakhtiari export many goods, wheat is not a common export item. They primarily produce it for their own consumption.
What is a type of animal dung used by the Bakhtiari as a fuel source?
- Kiziks
- Yailak
- Shulwars
- Canaat
Correct Answer: Kiziks
Correct Answer Explanation: The Bakhtiari use kiziks, molded cakes of animal dung, as a fuel source in their homes.
What is a common type of loose, wide-legged trousers worn by men in Persia?
- Yekdan
- Shulwars
- Canaat
- Ghevas
Correct Answer: Shulwars
Correct Answer Explanation: Shulwars are a common type of loose, wide-legged trousers worn by men in Persia, providing comfort and mobility in the region’s climate.
What is a sweet glaze collected from oak leaves, often used as a dessert ingredient in Persia?
- Gaz
- Mast
- Roghan
- Nān
Correct Answer: Gaz
Correct Answer Explanation: Gaz, a sweetish glaze collected from oak leaves, is a popular dessert ingredient in Persia, enjoyed for its unique flavor and texture.
What is the name of the leather saddlebag often used by the Bakhtiari for carrying items?
- Yekdan
- Shulwars
- Canaat
- Ghevas
Correct Answer: Yekdan
Correct Answer Explanation: Yekdan is the name for a leather saddlebag used by the Bakhtiari to carry essential items during their travels.
What is the name of the national Bakhtiari dance?
- Chapi
- Shulwars
- Canaat
- Ghevas
Correct Answer: Chapi
Correct Answer Explanation: The Chapi is a traditional Bakhtiari dance, often performed during celebrations and gatherings.
What is the name of a royal decree or order in Persia?
- Firman
- Shroff
- Mejidieh
- Kopecks
Correct Answer: Firman
Correct Answer Explanation: A Firman is a royal decree or order issued by the Shah of Persia, holding significant authority and weight.
What is the name of a money changer in Persia?
- Firman
- Shroff
- Mejidieh
- Kopecks
Correct Answer: Shroff
Correct Answer Explanation: A Shroff is a money changer, a vital intermediary in financial transactions and trade in Persia.
What is the name of a Turkish gold coin?
- Firman
- Shroff
- Mejidieh
- Kopecks
Correct Answer: Mejidieh
Correct Answer Explanation: The Mejidieh was a Turkish gold coin used in various parts of Persia, reflecting the historical and cultural connections between the two regions.
What is the name of Russian copper coins?
- Firman
- Shroff
- Mejidieh
- Kopecks
Correct Answer: Kopecks
Correct Answer Explanation: Kopecks were Russian copper coins, often used in trade and transactions in Persia, indicating the influence of Russia in the region.
What is the name of leather bags used for carrying goods on a saddle?
- Firman
- Shroff
- Khurjins
- Kopecks
Correct Answer: Khurjins
Correct Answer Explanation: Khurjins are leather bags designed for carrying goods on saddles, essential for transporting goods and supplies in the mountainous regions of Persia.
What is the name of a high-ranking military officer in Persia, equivalent to a colonel?
- Sartip
- Farash-Bashi
- Zapptieh
- Teskareh
Correct Answer: Sartip
Correct Answer Explanation: A Sartip is a high-ranking military officer in Persia, equivalent to a colonel, holding significant power and authority.
What is the name of a head servant or steward in Persia?
- Sartip
- Farash-Bashi
- Zapptieh
- Teskareh
Correct Answer: Farash-Bashi
Correct Answer Explanation: A Farash-Bashi is a head servant or steward, responsible for managing household affairs and overseeing staff.
What is the name of a gendarme, or police officer, often used for escorting travelers in Persia?
- Sartip
- Farash-Bashi
- Zapptieh
- Teskareh
Correct Answer: Zapptieh
Correct Answer Explanation: Zapptiehs are gendarmes, police officers, often employed to escort travelers through dangerous areas or provide protection during journeys.
What is the name of a travel permit required in Turkey?
- Sartip
- Farash-Bashi
- Teskareh
- Kaimakam
Correct Answer: Teskareh
Correct Answer Explanation: A Teskareh is a travel permit required in Turkey, providing authorization to travel within the country.
What is the name of a district administrator in Turkey?
- Sartip
- Farash-Bashi
- Teskareh
- Kaimakam
Correct Answer: Kaimakam
Correct Answer Explanation: A Kaimakam is a district administrator in Turkey, responsible for governing local affairs and managing administrative matters.
What is the name of a chieftain or lord, often a local ruler, in Persia?
- Sartip
- Malek
- Qasha
- Catholicos
Correct Answer: Malek
Correct Answer Explanation: A Malek is a chieftain or lord, often a local ruler, holding authority over a specific territory or tribe.
What is the name of a priest, specifically a Syrian Christian priest?
- Sartip
- Malek
- Qasha
- Catholicos
Correct Answer: Qasha
Correct Answer Explanation: A Qasha is a priest, specifically a Syrian Christian priest, responsible for conducting religious services and spiritual guidance within the Syrian Christian community.
What is the name of the Patriarch of the Syrian Church?
- Sartip
- Malek
- Qasha
- Catholicos
Correct Answer: Catholicos
Correct Answer Explanation: The Catholicos is the Patriarch of the Syrian Church, the highest authority and spiritual leader of the Syrian Christian community.
What is the name for Syrian Christians, as referred to by Muslims?
- Sartip
- Malek
- Nazarenes
- Catholicos
Correct Answer: Nazarenes
Correct Answer Explanation: Muslims often refer to Syrian Christians as Nazarenes, a historical term used to identify followers of Jesus.
What is the name for a measurement of land in Persia, roughly 256 square yards?
- Sartip
- Tanap
- Nasr
- Urf
Correct Answer: Tanap
Correct Answer Explanation: A Tanap is a measurement of land in Persia, roughly equivalent to 256 square yards, used for determining land ownership and allocation.
What is the name for a manager or administrator of an estate in Persia?
- Sartip
- Tanap
- Nasr
- Urf
Correct Answer: Nasr
Correct Answer Explanation: A Nasr is a manager or administrator of an estate, responsible for overseeing operations and ensuring its smooth functioning.
What is the name for unwritten law based on tradition and precedents, prevalent in Persia?
- Sartip
- Tanap
- Urf
- Shah-r
Correct Answer: Urf
Correct Answer Explanation: Urf refers to unwritten law based on tradition, customs, and precedents, holding significant weight in Persian society.
What is the name for law based on the Koran, administered by religious teachers, in Persia?
- Sartip
- Tanap
- Urf
- Shah-r
Correct Answer: Shah-r
Correct Answer Explanation: Shah-r refers to law based on the Koran, the holy book of Islam, administered by religious teachers in Persia.
What is the name for extra payments or bribes demanded by officials in Persia?
- Sartip
- Tanap
- Modakel
- Shah-r
Correct Answer: Modakel
Correct Answer Explanation: Modakel refers to extra payments or bribes demanded by officials in Persia, often exceeding their official salaries.
What is the name for religious colleges in Persia?
- Sartip
- Tanap
- Modakel
- Medressehs
Correct Answer: Medressehs
Correct Answer Explanation: Medressehs are religious colleges in Persia, providing education in Islamic studies, theology, and jurisprudence.
What is the name for the Holy Communion in the Syrian Church?
- Sartip
- Tanap
- Modakel
- Kourbana
Correct Answer: Kourbana
Correct Answer Explanation: Kourbana is the name for the Holy Communion in the Syrian Church, a central sacrament in their faith.
What is the name for nomadic tribal groups in the Kurdistan mountains, particularly Syrian Christians?
- Sartip
- Tanap
- Ashirets
- Maleks
Correct Answer: Ashirets
Correct Answer Explanation: Ashirets are nomadic tribal groups, particularly Syrian Christians, inhabiting the Kurdistan mountains and maintaining their traditional way of life.
What is the name for chieftains, often rulers of a tribal group, in the Kurdistan mountains?
- Sartip
- Tanap
- Ashirets
- Maleks
Correct Answer: Maleks
Correct Answer Explanation: Maleks are chieftains, often rulers of tribal groups, holding authority and influence in the Kurdistan mountains.
What is the name for subject people, as opposed to nomadic tribal groups, in the Kurdistan mountains?
- Sartip
- Tanap
- Ashirets
- Raya’h
Correct Answer: Raya’h
Correct Answer Explanation: Raya’h refers to subject people, as opposed to nomadic tribal groups, in the Kurdistan mountains, often facing challenges under Turkish rule.
What is the name for gendarmes, often used for escorting travelers, in the Kurdistan mountains?
- Sartip
- Tanap
- Ashirets
- Zaptiehs
Correct Answer: Zaptiehs
Correct Answer Explanation: Zaptiehs are gendarmes, police officers, often employed to escort travelers through dangerous areas or provide protection during journeys in the Kurdistan mountains.
What is the name for a Turkish province?
- Sartip
- Tanap
- Ashirets
- Vilayet
Correct Answer: Vilayet
Correct Answer Explanation: A Vilayet is a Turkish province, a division of the Ottoman Empire, with its own administrative structure and governance.