C.G. Lloyd described which fungal genus as distinct from Hypoxylon?
- Thamnomyces
- Camillea
- Engleromyces
- Xylaria
Correct Answer: Camillea
Correct Answer Explanation: Camillea, as described by C.G. Lloyd, is distinguished from Hypoxylon by its unique structural characteristics, such as the arrangement of perithecia and the presence of a powdery mass in some species.
What is the name of the largest known Pyrenomycete, described by C.G. Lloyd?
- Thamnomyces Chamissonis
- Engleromyces Goetzei
- Camillea Turbinata
- Xylaria Setosa
Correct Answer: Engleromyces Goetzei
Correct Answer Explanation: Engleromyces Goetzei, as described by C.G. Lloyd, stands out for its massive, subglobose shape, alveolate exterior, and fleshy white stroma.
Which of these species is not a part of the genus Camillea?
- C. Leprieurii
- C. Cyclops
- C. Sagraena
- Phylacia globosa
Correct Answer: Phylacia globosa
Correct Answer Explanation: Phylacia globosa, with its spores borne on filaments, is believed to be a pycnidial condition of Hypoxylon turbinatum and not a part of the Camillea genus.
What feature distinguishes Thamnomyces from Xylaria?
- Presence of a powdery mass in some species
- Arrangement of perithecia
- Fruiting bodies borne on the ends of branches
- Massive, subglobose shape
Correct Answer: Fruiting bodies borne on the ends of branches
Correct Answer Explanation: Thamnomyces, as described by C.G. Lloyd, is differentiated from Xylaria by its fruiting bodies, which are borne on the ends of branches, and by the structure of its perithecia.
Which of these Camillea species is known only from French Guiana?
- C. Turbinata
- C. Bacillum
- C. Labellum
- C. Sagraena
Correct Answer: C. Labellum
Correct Answer Explanation: C. Labellum, according to C.G. Lloyd’s description, is a species that has only been observed in French Guiana.
What is the approximate length of spores in Camillea Leprieurii?
- 3.5-4 × 10 mic.
- 6-7 × 10-12 mic.
- 25-35 mic
- 8 × 12 mic.
Correct Answer: 25-35 mic
Correct Answer Explanation: As described by C.G. Lloyd, the spores of Camillea Leprieurii are measured to be 25-35 mic in length.
What is the name of the species that is similar to Thamnomyces Chordalis but is much larger and has more slender, stalked fruiting bodies?
- Thamnomyces Fuciformis
- Thamnomyces Chamissonis
- Xylaria Setosa
- Xylaria Adnata
Correct Answer: Thamnomyces Fuciformis
Correct Answer Explanation: According to C.G. Lloyd, Thamnomyces Fuciformis is similar to Thamnomyces Chordalis in terms of its structure, but it is significantly larger with more slender and stalked fruiting bodies.
Which of these species is considered to be the same as Xylaria marasmoides?
- Xylaria Adnata
- Xylaria Annulata
- Xylaria Fragilis
- Xylaria Annulipes
Correct Answer: Xylaria Annulipes
Correct Answer Explanation: C.G. Lloyd identified Xylaria Annulipes as the same species as Xylaria marasmoides based on his analysis.
Which of these species has a distinctive circular, rounded depression on its apex?
- Camillea Cyclops
- Camillea Labellum
- Camillea Turbinata
- Thamnomyces Chamissonis
Correct Answer: Camillea Cyclops
Correct Answer Explanation: Camillea Cyclops, as described by C.G. Lloyd, is known for its unique feature of a circular, rounded depression on its apex, making it easily distinguishable from other Camillea species.
What is the approximate height of the plant Xylaria setosa?
- 1 cm
- 8-10 cm
- 1½-2 cm
- 1/2 inch
Correct Answer: 1/2 inch
Correct Answer Explanation: Xylaria setosa, according to C.G. Lloyd’s description, resembles carbonized horse hair and can grow to approximately a half inch in height.
What term describes the arrangement of perithecia in Camillea Leprieurii?
- Dichotomous
- Sessile
- Stipitate
- Linear
Correct Answer: Linear
Correct Answer Explanation: C.G. Lloyd described the perithecia in Camillea Leprieurii as being arranged in a linear pattern, forming a circle near the apex of the cylindrical stroma.
What is the name of the fertile, spore-bearing mass within the stroma of some fungi?
- Hyphae
- Asci
- Gleba
- Perithecia
Correct Answer: Gleba
Correct Answer Explanation: Gleba refers to the fertile, spore-bearing mass within the stroma of some fungi, playing a crucial role in their reproductive cycle.
What feature distinguishes Camillea Turbinata from other Camillea species?
- It has a circular, rounded depression on its apex
- It grows densely caespitose
- It has a raised central disc with perithecia that disintegrate early
- It has a hollow interior filled with spores and hyphae remnants
Correct Answer: It has a raised central disc with perithecia that disintegrate early
Correct Answer Explanation: C.G. Lloyd highlighted that Camillea Turbinata, unlike other Camillea species, possesses a raised central disc and its perithecia disintegrate early, leaving a powdery mass of spores and hyphae remnants.
Which of these species is described as having a globose, sessile stroma with a hollow interior filled with spores and hyphae remnants?
- Camillea Bomba
- Camillea Poculiformis
- Thamnomyces Chamissonis
- Engleromyces Goetzei
Correct Answer: Camillea Bomba
Correct Answer Explanation: C.G. Lloyd described Camillea Bomba as having a distinct globose, sessile stroma with a hollow interior that is filled with spores and hyphae remnants, setting it apart from other species.
Which species is described as growing densely caespitose, with its stroma having two compartments: a lower sterile portion with white tissue and an upper fertile portion with spores?
- Camillea Sagraena
- Camillea Poculiformis
- Thamnomyces Chordalis
- Xylaria Setosa
Correct Answer: Camillea Sagraena
Correct Answer Explanation: C.G. Lloyd described Camillea Sagraena as a densely caespitose species with a unique stroma structure, having two distinct compartments – a lower sterile portion with white tissue and an upper fertile portion filled with spores.
Which of the following is a distinctive characteristic of Thamnomyces Chamissonis?
- It has a long, slender stem with sessile, ovate fruiting bodies
- It has a repeatedly dichotomously branched stem with ovate fruiting bodies
- It has a stipitate, globose or obovate shape with a hollow interior
- It has a short, cylindrical or semi-globose stroma with a circular depression on its apex
Correct Answer: It has a repeatedly dichotomously branched stem with ovate fruiting bodies
Correct Answer Explanation: C.G. Lloyd noted that Thamnomyces Chamissonis has a repeatedly dichotomously branched stem, where ovate fruiting bodies are found at the ends of each branch.
Which of the following species is described as having a stipitate, globose or obovate shape with a hollow interior?
- Camillea Poculiformis
- Camillea Sagraena
- Thamnomyces Fuciformis
- Engleromyces Goetzei
Correct Answer: Camillea Poculiformis
Correct Answer Explanation: C.G. Lloyd described Camillea Poculiformis as having a distinct stipitate, globose or obovate shape with a hollow interior, setting it apart from other species.
What term describes the structure that supports the perithecia in fungi?
- Hyphae
- Gleba
- Stroma
- Asci
Correct Answer: Stroma
Correct Answer Explanation: Stroma is the term used for the fungal structure that supports the perithecia, varying in size and shape depending on the species.
What term describes the thread-like filaments that make up the body of a fungus?
- Hyphae
- Gleba
- Stroma
- Asci
Correct Answer: Hyphae
Correct Answer Explanation: Hyphae are the thread-like filaments that form the body of a fungus, intertwining to create complex structures and networks.
What term describes a single-celled reproductive unit of a fungus?
- Hyphae
- Gleba
- Stroma
- Spore
Correct Answer: Spore
Correct Answer Explanation: Spore refers to a single-celled reproductive unit of a fungus, responsible for its propagation and dispersal.
What term describes a structure in fungi that contains spores?
- Hyphae
- Gleba
- Stroma
- Perithecia
Correct Answer: Perithecia
Correct Answer Explanation: Perithecia are flask-shaped structures in fungi where spores are produced, playing a crucial role in their reproductive cycle.
What term describes splitting into two equal branches?
- Sessile
- Stipitate
- Dichotomous
- Linear
Correct Answer: Dichotomous
Correct Answer Explanation: Dichotomous refers to the process of splitting into two equal branches, often seen in the branching patterns of fungal structures.
What term describes a structure attached directly to a surface without a stalk?
- Sessile
- Stipitate
- Dichotomous
- Linear
Correct Answer: Sessile
Correct Answer Explanation: Sessile describes a structure that is directly attached to a surface without a stalk, contrasting with structures that have a stalk or stipe.
What term describes a structure with a stalk?
- Sessile
- Stipitate
- Dichotomous
- Linear
Correct Answer: Stipitate
Correct Answer Explanation: Stipitate refers to a structure that has a stalk or stipe, allowing it to be elevated from the surface it is attached to.
What is the name of the species that is described as having a slender stem and sessile, ovate fruiting bodies with slender apices?
- Thamnomyces Chamissonis
- Thamnomyces Chordalis
- Thamnomyces Fuciformis
- Xylaria Setosa
Correct Answer: Thamnomyces Chordalis
Correct Answer Explanation: C.G. Lloyd described Thamnomyces Chordalis as having a slender stem and sessile, ovate fruiting bodies with slender apices, distinguishing it from other species.
What is the approximate length of the spores in Thamnomyces Chamissonis?
- 3.5-4 × 10 mic.
- 6-7 × 10-12 mic.
- 9 × 20-28 mic.
- 8 × 12 mic.
Correct Answer: 9 × 20-28 mic.
Correct Answer Explanation: C.G. Lloyd’s measurements indicate that the spores of Thamnomyces Chamissonis are approximately 9 × 20-28 mic in length.
Which species is described as having a densely fasciculate, filiform stem and sparse perithecia?
- Xylaria Setosa
- Xylaria Adnata
- Xylaria Fragilis
- Xylaria Hispidissima
Correct Answer: Xylaria Setosa
Correct Answer Explanation: C.G. Lloyd described Xylaria Setosa as having a densely fasciculate, filiform stem and sparse perithecia, distinguishing it from other Xylaria species.
What is the approximate length of the spores in Xylaria Setosa?
- 3.5-4 × 10 mic.
- 6-7 × 10-12 mic.
- 10 × 16 mic.
- 8 × 12 mic.
Correct Answer: 10 × 16 mic.
Correct Answer Explanation: C.G. Lloyd’s measurements indicate that the spores of Xylaria Setosa are approximately 10 × 16 mic in length.
What is the name of the species that is similar to Xylaria Setosa but grows closely adnate to rotten beech wood?
- Xylaria Adnata
- Xylaria Fragilis
- Xylaria Hispidissima
- Xylaria Annulata
Correct Answer: Xylaria Adnata
Correct Answer Explanation: C.G. Lloyd noted that Xylaria Adnata is similar to Xylaria Setosa in terms of its structure, but it grows closely adnate to rotten beech wood.
Which of the following species is likely the same as Xylaria Setosa?
- Xylaria Adnata
- Xylaria Fragilis
- Xylaria Hispidissima
- Xylaria Annulata
Correct Answer: Xylaria Fragilis
Correct Answer Explanation: C.G. Lloyd’s analysis suggested that Xylaria Fragilis, based on old records from Europe, is likely the same species as Xylaria Setosa.
Which of the following species is likely the same as Xylaria hungarica?
- Xylaria Adnata
- Xylaria Fragilis
- Xylaria Hispidissima
- Xylaria Annulata
Correct Answer: Xylaria Hispidissima
Correct Answer Explanation: C.G. Lloyd identified Xylaria Hispidissima, found in the East Indies, as likely being the same species as Xylaria hungarica.
Which of the following species is likely the same as Thamnomyces chardalis?
- Xylaria Adnata
- Xylaria Fragilis
- Xylaria Hispidissima
- Xylaria Annulata
Correct Answer: Xylaria Annulata
Correct Answer Explanation: C.G. Lloyd suggested that Xylaria Annulata, originating from the West Indies, is likely the same species as Thamnomyces chardalis.
What is the approximate length of the spores in Engleromyces Goetzei?
- 3.5-4 × 10 mic.
- 6-7 × 10-12 mic.
- 12-15 × 18-24 mic.
- 8 × 12 mic.
Correct Answer: 12-15 × 18-24 mic.
Correct Answer Explanation: C.G. Lloyd’s measurements indicated that the spores of Engleromyces Goetzei are approximately 12-15 × 18-24 mic in length.
What is the approximate length of the stipe of Camillea poculiformis?
- 1 cm
- 8-10 cm
- 1½-2 cm
- 1/2 inch
Correct Answer: 8-10 cm
Correct Answer Explanation: C.G. Lloyd described the stipe of Camillea poculiformis as being approximately 8-10 cm long and 2-3 mm thick.
What is the approximate width of the plant Camillea turbinata?
- 1 cm
- 8-10 cm
- 1½-2 cm
- 1/2 inch
Correct Answer: 1 cm
Correct Answer Explanation: C.G. Lloyd’s description indicates that Camillea turbinata can grow to approximately 1 cm in height and width.
What is the approximate length of the spores in Xylaria Axillaris?
- 3.5-4 × 10 mic.
- 6-7 × 10-12 mic.
- 25-32 mic.
- 8 × 12 mic.
Correct Answer: 25-32 mic.
Correct Answer Explanation: C.G. Lloyd’s measurements indicate that the spores of Xylaria Axillaris are approximately 25-32 mic in length.
What is the approximate thickness of the fleshy white stroma of Engleromyces Goetzei?
- 1 cm
- 8-10 cm
- 1½-2 cm
- 1/2 inch
Correct Answer: 1½-2 cm
Correct Answer Explanation: C.G. Lloyd described Engleromyces Goetzei as having a fleshy white stroma that is approximately 1½-2 cm thick.
Which of these species is described as having a long and slender stem and ovate fruiting bodies?
- Thamnomyces Chamissonis
- Thamnomyces Chordalis
- Thamnomyces Fuciformis
- Xylaria Setosa
Correct Answer: Thamnomyces Chordalis
Correct Answer Explanation: C.G. Lloyd described Thamnomyces Chordalis as having a long and slender stem with ovate fruiting bodies, distinguishing it from other species.
Which of these species has spores that are oblong and arctuate?
- Thamnomyces Chamissonis
- Thamnomyces Chordalis
- Thamnomyces Fuciformis
- Xylaria Setosa
Correct Answer: Thamnomyces Chordalis
Correct Answer Explanation: C.G. Lloyd’s description indicates that the spores of Thamnomyces Chordalis are oblong and arctuate in shape.
Which of these species is much larger than Thamnomyces Chordalis?
- Thamnomyces Chamissonis
- Thamnomyces Fuciformis
- Xylaria Setosa
- Xylaria Adnata
Correct Answer: Thamnomyces Fuciformis
Correct Answer Explanation: C.G. Lloyd noted that Thamnomyces Fuciformis is significantly larger than Thamnomyces Chordalis, making it easily distinguishable from the smaller species.