What is the name of the wingless fly that lives on bees and is known as the “bee louse”?
- Phora incrassata
- Braula coeca
- Gordius subbifurcus
- Mermis albicans
Correct Answer: Braula coeca
Correct Answer Explanation: The bee louse, scientifically named Braula coeca, is a wingless fly that lives on bees, particularly queen bees.
What is the primary cause of foulbrood, a devastating disease that affects bee larvae?
- The bee louse (Braula coeca)
- The parasitic larva of Phora incrassata
- The nematode Mermis albicans
- The fungus Mucor mellitophorus
Correct Answer: The parasitic larva of Phora incrassata
Correct Answer Explanation: Phora incrassata is a fly that lays its eggs in bee larvae. When the larvae hatch, they feed on the bee larva from the inside, killing it and causing the foul odor characteristic of foulbrood.
What is the characteristic symptom of foulbrood, a bacterial disease that affects bee larvae?
- A foul odor
- A bright red color
- A shiny, metallic appearance
- A lack of movement
Correct Answer: A foul odor
Correct Answer Explanation: The decaying bee larvae produce a distinct foul odor that alerts beekeepers to the presence of the disease.
Which of these parasites is an endoparasite, meaning it lives inside the bee’s body?
- Bee louse (Braula coeca)
- Phora incrassata larva
- Mermis albicans
- All of the above
Correct Answer: Mermis albicans
Correct Answer Explanation: Mermis albicans is a nematode that lives inside the bee’s body and feeds on its tissues.
What is the name of the nematode that can infect honeybees and other insects, leaving its host to reproduce?
- Braula coeca
- Phora incrassata
- Gordius subbifurcus
- Mermis albicans
Correct Answer: Gordius subbifurcus
Correct Answer Explanation: Gordius subbifurcus is a nematode that can infect honeybees and various other insects. It is an endoparasite that typically leaves its host to mate and lay eggs in the soil.
What was the estimated number of bee colonies that died from American foulbrood according to Dzierzon, a beekeeper who studied the disease?
- 10
- 100
- 1,000
- Hundreds
Correct Answer: Hundreds
Correct Answer Explanation: Dzierzon observed that hundreds of bee colonies died from American foulbrood, highlighting the devastating impact of this disease.
Which of these parasites is known to prefer living on queen bees?
- Bee louse (Braula coeca)
- Phora incrassata larva
- Mermis albicans
- Gordius subbifurcus
Correct Answer: Bee louse (Braula coeca)
Correct Answer Explanation: Bee lice often prefer to live on queen bees, which can weaken the queen, making her less productive and even causing her death.
How many species of Cleridae, a family of insects, are known worldwide according to Assmuss?
- 50
- 500
- 5,000
- 50,000
Correct Answer: 500
Correct Answer Explanation: Assmuss reports that over 500 species of Cleridae are known worldwide, reflecting the global presence of this insect family, some of which can be harmful to honeybees.
What is the estimated number of eggs a queen bee can lay according to Assmuss?
- 50
- 500
- 5,000
- 50,000
Correct Answer: 5,000
Correct Answer Explanation: Assmuss estimates that a queen bee may lay up to 5,000 eggs, underscoring the importance of controlling parasites like Meloë variegatus, which can cause significant harm to bee larvae.
What is the name of the parasitic larva that Assmuss observed causing the death of thousands of bees?
- Braula coeca larva
- Phora incrassata larva
- Meloë variegatus larva
- Mermis albicans larva
Correct Answer: Meloë variegatus larva
Correct Answer Explanation: Assmuss observed thousands of bees dying from Meloë variegatus larva infestation, highlighting the severe consequences of this parasite for honeybee colonies.
How many species of Phora, a genus of flies, are known in Europe according to Assmuss?
- 5
- 50
- 80
- 800
Correct Answer: 80
Correct Answer Explanation: Assmuss reports that over 80 species of Phora are known in Europe, reflecting the widespread presence of this fly genus, one of which (Phora incrassata) is a major threat to honeybees.
What is the name of the fungus that Assmuss observes in the bee gut, potentially linked to bee health issues?
- Mucor mellitophorus
- Aspergillus flavus
- Penicillium chrysogenum
- Candida albicans
Correct Answer: Mucor mellitophorus
Correct Answer Explanation: Assmuss describes the presence of Mucor mellitophorus fungus in the bee gut, suggesting a potential connection to bee health issues.
How long can a bee louse survive outside its host according to Assmuss?
- 12 hours
- 24 hours
- 48 hours
- 96 hours
Correct Answer: 96 hours
Correct Answer Explanation: The bee louse can remain alive for 96 hours outside its host, suggesting that it may be able to survive for a period of time after being detached from its bee host.
How does foulbrood spread between bee colonies?
- Through contaminated hive equipment
- Through bee robbing
- Through infected honey
- All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above
Correct Answer Explanation: Foulbrood can spread through contaminated hive equipment, bee robbing (where bees from infected colonies steal honey from healthy ones), and through infected honey.
What is the name of the bacteria responsible for causing foulbrood?
- Bacillus subtilis
- Bacillus cereus
- Paenibacillus larvae
- Lactobacillus acidophilus
Correct Answer: Paenibacillus larvae
Correct Answer Explanation: Paenibacillus larvae is the bacteria responsible for causing foulbrood, a devastating bacterial disease that affects bee larvae.
What is the name of the scientific process that many insects undergo, transforming from larva to adult?
- Metamorphosis
- Pupation
- Ecdysis
- Molting
Correct Answer: Metamorphosis
Correct Answer Explanation: Metamorphosis is the process of transformation that many insects undergo during their life cycle, including honeybees.
What is the name of the type of metamorphosis characterized by multiple distinct larval stages, as seen in Meloë beetles?
- Hypermetamorphosis
- Holometabolism
- Hemimetabolism
- Ametabolism
Correct Answer: Hypermetamorphosis
Correct Answer Explanation: Hypermetamorphosis is a type of metamorphosis characterized by multiple distinct larval stages, as seen in Meloë beetles, which can pose a significant threat to honeybee colonies.
What is the name of the noxious, foul-smelling vapor or atmosphere often associated with disease?
- Miasma
- Contagion
- Spore
- Helminth
Correct Answer: Miasma
Correct Answer Explanation: Miasma refers to a noxious, foul-smelling vapor or atmosphere often associated with disease. It was a theory in the past used to explain the spread of diseases.
What is the name of the infectious agent or matter that causes disease?
- Contagium
- Miasma
- Spore
- Helminth
Correct Answer: Contagium
Correct Answer Explanation: Contagium refers to the infectious agent or matter that causes disease. This term was used in the 19th century to describe the cause of disease before the discovery of bacteria and viruses.
What is the name of the measures taken to prevent disease?
- Prophylaxis
- Therapy
- Cure
- Treatment
Correct Answer: Prophylaxis
Correct Answer Explanation: Prophylaxis refers to measures taken to prevent disease. This can include things like vaccination, hygiene practices, and other preventative measures.
What is the name of the parasitic infection caused by worms?
- Helminthiasis
- Parasitism
- Spore formation
- Miasma
Correct Answer: Helminthiasis
Correct Answer Explanation: Helminthiasis refers to a parasitic infection caused by worms, including nematodes like Mermis albicans and Gordius subbifurcus, which can infect honeybees.
What is the name of the reproductive unit capable of developing into a new organism?
- Spore
- Egg
- Larva
- Pupa
Correct Answer: Spore
Correct Answer Explanation: Spores are reproductive units that can develop into new organisms, and some parasites, like the bacteria causing foulbrood, produce spores to survive and spread.
What is the name of the method used by beekeepers to control foulbrood by removing infected brood?
- Culling
- Prophylaxis
- Fumigation
- Quarantine
Correct Answer: Culling
Correct Answer Explanation: Culling is the method used by beekeepers to control foulbrood by removing infected brood, which helps prevent the spread of the disease.
What is the name of the method used by beekeepers to control foulbrood using chlorine gas?
- Fumigation
- Prophylaxis
- Culling
- Quarantine
Correct Answer: Fumigation
Correct Answer Explanation: Fumigation is the method used by beekeepers to control foulbrood using chlorine gas, which helps kill the bacteria responsible for the disease.
What is the name of the condition where bees from infected colonies steal honey from healthy ones, spreading foulbrood?
- Bee robbing
- Hive raiding
- Honey theft
- Colony takeover
Correct Answer: Bee robbing
Correct Answer Explanation: Bee robbing occurs when bees from infected colonies steal honey from healthy ones, spreading foulbrood and other diseases.
What is the name of the condition where bees show signs of illness before succumbing to foulbrood?
- Bee lethargy
- Pre-death symptoms
- Foulbrood progression
- Larval decay
Correct Answer: Bee lethargy
Correct Answer Explanation: Bee larvae often exhibit signs of illness, such as lethargy and a change in color, before succumbing to foulbrood.
What is the name of the alternative methods of control used for foulbrood besides antibiotics?
- Natural remedies
- Probiotics
- Biocontrol agents
- All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above
Correct Answer Explanation: Alternative methods of control used for foulbrood besides antibiotics include natural remedies, probiotics, and biocontrol agents.
What is the name of the method used to control foulbrood by isolating infected colonies?
- Quarantine
- Isolation
- Culling
- Fumigation
Correct Answer: Quarantine
Correct Answer Explanation: Quarantine is the method used to control foulbrood by isolating infected colonies to prevent the spread of the disease.
How many bee larvae in a foulbrood-infected colony may die according to Assmuss?
- 25%
- 50%
- 75%
- 95%
Correct Answer: 95%
Correct Answer Explanation: Up to 95% of bee larvae in a foulbrood-infected colony may die, highlighting the devastating impact of the disease on bee colonies.
What is the name of the process by which parasites live on or within other organisms, feeding off their resources?
- Parasitism
- Symbiosis
- Commensalism
- Mutualism
Correct Answer: Parasitism
Correct Answer Explanation: Parasitism is the process by which parasites live on or within other organisms, feeding off their resources and often harming their host.
What is the name of the parasitic relationship where one organism benefits while the other is neither harmed nor benefited?
- Commensalism
- Parasitism
- Mutualism
- Symbiosis
Correct Answer: Commensalism
Correct Answer Explanation: Commensalism is a parasitic relationship where one organism benefits while the other is neither harmed nor benefited.
What is the name of the parasitic relationship where both organisms benefit?
- Mutualism
- Parasitism
- Commensalism
- Symbiosis
Correct Answer: Mutualism
Correct Answer Explanation: Mutualism is a parasitic relationship where both organisms benefit.
What is the name of the theory that proposed the spread of disease through noxious vapors or atmospheres?
- Miasma theory
- Germ theory
- Contagion theory
- Spore theory
Correct Answer: Miasma theory
Correct Answer Explanation: The miasma theory proposed that disease was spread through noxious vapors or atmospheres. It was a popular theory in the 19th century before the discovery of bacteria and viruses.
What is the name of the theory that proposes that diseases are caused by microscopic organisms?
- Germ theory
- Miasma theory
- Contagion theory
- Spore theory
Correct Answer: Germ theory
Correct Answer Explanation: The germ theory, developed by Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch, proposes that diseases are caused by microscopic organisms. It revolutionized our understanding of disease and led to the development of antibiotics and vaccines.
What is the name of the theory that proposes that diseases can be spread through contact with infected individuals or objects?
- Contagion theory
- Germ theory
- Miasma theory
- Spore theory
Correct Answer: Contagion theory
Correct Answer Explanation: The contagion theory proposes that diseases can be spread through contact with infected individuals or objects. It was a precursor to the germ theory, and it is still relevant in understanding the spread of many diseases.
What is the name of the process by which insects give birth to live young, often in a pupal stage?
- Pupiparity
- Oviparity
- Viviparity
- Metamorphosis
Correct Answer: Pupiparity
Correct Answer Explanation: Pupiparity is the process by which insects give birth to live young, often in a pupal stage. This is a common strategy for some parasitic flies, including Phora incrassata.
What is the name of the process by which insects lay eggs?
- Oviparity
- Pupiparity
- Viviparity
- Metamorphosis
Correct Answer: Oviparity
Correct Answer Explanation: Oviparity is the process by which insects lay eggs. It is a common strategy for many insects, including honeybees.
What is the name of the process by which animals give birth to live young?
- Viviparity
- Oviparity
- Pupiparity
- Metamorphosis
Correct Answer: Viviparity
Correct Answer Explanation: Viviparity is the process by which animals give birth to live young. It is a common strategy for mammals, but it is rare in insects.
What is the name of the theory that proposes that life arises from non-living matter?
- Spontaneous generation
- Biogenesis
- Abiogenesis
- Panspermia
Correct Answer: Spontaneous generation
Correct Answer Explanation: Spontaneous generation is the theory that proposes that life arises from non-living matter. This theory was popular in the past, but it has been disproven by experiments.
What is the name of the theory that proposes that life arises from living matter?
- Biogenesis
- Spontaneous generation
- Abiogenesis
- Panspermia
Correct Answer: Biogenesis
Correct Answer Explanation: Biogenesis is the theory that proposes that life arises from living matter. This theory is now widely accepted by scientists.
What is the name of the theory that proposes that life originated on Earth from non-living matter?
- Abiogenesis
- Biogenesis
- Spontaneous generation
- Panspermia
Correct Answer: Abiogenesis
Correct Answer Explanation: Abiogenesis is the theory that proposes that life originated on Earth from non-living matter. It is a complex and fascinating topic that scientists are still trying to understand.
What is the name of the theory that proposes that life on Earth originated from extraterrestrial sources?
- Panspermia
- Abiogenesis
- Biogenesis
- Spontaneous generation
Correct Answer: Panspermia
Correct Answer Explanation: Panspermia is the theory that proposes that life on Earth originated from extraterrestrial sources. This theory is still controversial, but it is an intriguing possibility.
What is the name of the process by which organisms evolve over time?
- Evolution
- Natural selection
- Adaptation
- Speciation
Correct Answer: Evolution
Correct Answer Explanation: Evolution is the process by which organisms evolve over time, driven by natural selection and other evolutionary forces.
What is the name of the process by which organisms become better suited to their environment?
- Adaptation
- Evolution
- Natural selection
- Speciation
Correct Answer: Adaptation
Correct Answer Explanation: Adaptation is the process by which organisms become better suited to their environment, driven by natural selection.
What is the name of the process by which new species arise?
- Speciation
- Evolution
- Adaptation
- Natural selection
Correct Answer: Speciation
Correct Answer Explanation: Speciation is the process by which new species arise, driven by evolutionary forces such as isolation, genetic drift, and natural selection.
What is the name of the process by which organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce?
- Natural selection
- Evolution
- Adaptation
- Speciation
Correct Answer: Natural selection
Correct Answer Explanation: Natural selection is the process by which organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to the evolution of new species and adaptations.
What is the name of the study of the distribution of organisms on Earth?
- Biogeography
- Ecology
- Taxonomy
- Genetics
Correct Answer: Biogeography
Correct Answer Explanation: Biogeography is the study of the distribution of organisms on Earth. It helps us understand how organisms have evolved and adapted to different environments.
What is the name of the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment?
- Ecology
- Biogeography
- Taxonomy
- Genetics
Correct Answer: Ecology
Correct Answer Explanation: Ecology is the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment. It helps us understand how ecosystems function and how human activities impact them.
What is the name of the science of classifying organisms?
- Taxonomy
- Ecology
- Biogeography
- Genetics
Correct Answer: Taxonomy
Correct Answer Explanation: Taxonomy is the science of classifying organisms. It helps us organize and understand the diversity of life on Earth.
What is the name of the study of heredity and variation in organisms?
- Genetics
- Taxonomy
- Ecology
- Biogeography
Correct Answer: Genetics
Correct Answer Explanation: Genetics is the study of heredity and variation in organisms. It helps us understand how traits are passed from parents to offspring and how genetic variation drives evolution.