What is the name of the largest palm in the Philippines, which is also used for mat-making?
- Buri Palm
- Coconut Palm
- Nipa Palm
- Bamboo
Correct Answer: Buri Palm
Correct Answer Explanation: The Buri palm, reaching up to 20 meters in height, is the largest palm in the Philippines. Its sturdy leaves are used for making mats, baskets, and other items.
What type of pandan is specifically used for making high-quality mats?
- Sabutan
- Sarakat
- Pandanus utilis
- Pandanus odoratissimus
Correct Answer: Sabutan
Correct Answer Explanation: Sabutan is a specific variety of the seashore pandan known for producing excellent matting material. Its durability and distinctive appearance make it a prized resource for mat weavers.
Which region in the Philippines is known for its intricately embroidered tikug mats?
- Bohol
- Romblon
- Samar
- Palawan
Correct Answer: Samar
Correct Answer Explanation: Samar is renowned for its beautifully embroidered tikug mats, which are a significant economic product for the island. The intricate designs showcase the skill and artistry of Samar weavers.
What is the name of the sedge commonly used for mat-making in the Visayas and Mindanao?
- Tikug
- Tayoc-tayoc
- Juncus effusus
- Buri
Correct Answer: Tikug
Correct Answer Explanation: Tikug, a type of sedge, is widely used for mat-making in the Visayas and Mindanao regions. It’s known for its strength and flexibility, making it suitable for creating durable mats.
What is a “bayon” in the context of Philippine mat-making?
- A type of mat with a specific design
- A tool used for weaving mats
- A plaited sack made from buri or pandan straws
- A traditional dance involving mats
Correct Answer: A plaited sack made from buri or pandan straws
Correct Answer Explanation: A bayon is a plaited sack made from buri or pandan straws, often used for storing agricultural products or household items. It reflects the versatility of these materials in traditional Filipino crafts.
What is the name of the weaving technique used to create patterned mats with alternating strands?
- Over-and-under weave
- Sawali weave
- Open work weave
- Embroidery
Correct Answer: Over-and-under weave
Correct Answer Explanation: The over-and-under weave is a basic weaving technique where strands are interlaced to create a pattern. It’s commonly used in mat-making to create simple yet effective designs.
What is the name of a coarsely woven pandan mat used for drying palay (unhusked rice), copra, and other agricultural products?
- Bangkoan
- Bastos
- Iluhan
- Romblon mat
Correct Answer: Bangkoan
Correct Answer Explanation: A bangkoan is a large and coarsely woven pandan mat used for drying agricultural products. Its open weave allows for proper airflow, ensuring effective drying.
What is the name of a coarsely woven banana petiole mat used for baling tobacco?
- Bangkoan
- Bastos
- Iluhan
- Romblon mat
Correct Answer: Bastos
Correct Answer Explanation: Bastos, made from banana petioles, is a coarse mat used for baling tobacco. It provides a durable and sturdy material for securing tobacco leaves during transportation and storage.
What is the name of a primitive sugar-cane and copra crusher that is also used to flatten pandan straw?
- Iluhan
- Bangkoan
- Bastos
- Romblon mat
Correct Answer: Iluhan
Correct Answer Explanation: The iluhan, a simple but effective tool, is used for crushing sugar cane and copra. It can also be used to flatten pandan straw, making it easier to weave into mats.
What is the approximate height of a mature buri palm?
- 5 meters
- 10 meters
- 15 meters
- 20 meters
Correct Answer: 20 meters
Correct Answer Explanation: The buri palm is the largest palm in the Philippines, reaching up to 20 meters in height. Its size and sturdy leaves make it a valuable resource for various crafts.
What is the approximate number of buri palms on Mindoro Island?
- 100,000
- 500,000
- 1,000,000
- 2,000,000
Correct Answer: 2,000,000
Correct Answer Explanation: Mindoro Island is home to an estimated 2,000,000 buri palms, with about 12% of them being mature trees. This abundance of buri palms contributes to the region’s mat-making industry.
What is the typical price range for a Romblon mat?
- ₱0.10 – ₱0.50
- ₱0.25 – ₱10
- ₱5 – ₱25
- ₱10 – ₱50
Correct Answer: ₱0.25 – ₱10
Correct Answer Explanation: Romblon is known for its high-quality mats, which can be exported. The price of a Romblon mat can range from ₱0.25 for a simple mat to over ₱10 for more elaborate and intricate ones.
How many tikug mats were produced in Basey, Samar in 1911?
- 500
- 1,000
- 3,000
- 9,000
Correct Answer: 9,000
Correct Answer Explanation: In 1911, Basey, Samar produced approximately 9,000 tikug mats. This shows the significant role mat-making played in the local economy of Samar.
How many tikug mats were produced in Sulat, Samar in 1911?
- 50
- 100
- 200
- 300
Correct Answer: 300
Correct Answer Explanation: Sulat, another town in Samar, produced about 300 tikug mats in 1911. While less than Basey, it still reflects the widespread practice of mat-making in the region.
What is the approximate cost of dye for the cheapest tikug mat made in Basey, Samar?
- 5 centavos
- 10 centavos
- 15 centavos
- 20 centavos
Correct Answer: 10 centavos
Correct Answer Explanation: The cost of dye for a cheap Basey tikug mat could be as low as 10 centavos. More elaborate mats with richer colors would require more expensive dyes, costing up to 65 centavos.
What is the approximate cost of a bundle of tikug straws in Bohol?
- 5 centavos
- 10 centavos
- 15 centavos
- 20 centavos
Correct Answer: 10 centavos
Correct Answer Explanation: A bundle of tikug straws in Bohol typically costs 10 centavos, reflecting the affordability and availability of this material for mat weavers.
What is the approximate daily earning of a mat weaver in Bohol?
- 10 centavos
- 20 centavos
- 30 centavos
- 40 centavos
Correct Answer: 20 centavos
Correct Answer Explanation: Mat weavers in Bohol earned approximately 20 centavos per day in the early 20th century. This demonstrates the modest income that came with this craft.
How many women worked on the large mat measuring 10 meters by 12 meters that was made for a church in Samar?
- 10
- 20
- 30
- 40
Correct Answer: 30
Correct Answer Explanation: A massive mat measuring 10 meters by 12 meters was created for a church in Samar, requiring the combined effort of 30 women working simultaneously. This highlights the scale and community involvement in large mat-making projects.
How many large mats for sleeping purposes do northern Bohol families typically have?
- One
- Two
- Three
- Four
Correct Answer: Three
Correct Answer Explanation: Northern Bohol families often have three or more large mats for sleeping purposes. This reflects the importance of mats in traditional Filipino homes and the prevalence of mat-making in the region.
What is the approximate number of mats produced in Basey, Samar in 1911?
- 5,000
- 9,000
- 13,000
- 17,000
Correct Answer: 9,000
Correct Answer Explanation: Basey, Samar produced about 9,000 tikug mats in 1911, highlighting the significant role mat-making played in the local economy. This number reflects the scale of mat production in the region.
What is the approximate time needed to make a plaid tikug mat sold for ₱2 in Basey, Samar?
- 2 days
- 3 days
- 5 days
- 7 days
Correct Answer: 5 days
Correct Answer Explanation: Making a plaid tikug mat, which sold for ₱2 in Basey, Samar, took about 5 days. This demonstrates the labor-intensive nature of mat-making and the time invested in creating these crafts.
Where are Basey mats sold to?
- Chinese brokers, transients, and residents in Tacloban, Leyte
- Local markets in Samar
- Export markets in Europe
- Government agencies for official use
Correct Answer: Chinese brokers, transients, and residents in Tacloban, Leyte
Correct Answer Explanation: Basey mats were primarily sold to Chinese brokers, transients, and residents in Tacloban, Leyte, showcasing the local and regional market for these mats.
What is the name of the rush found in the Philippines that produces high-quality matting in Japan?
- Juncus effusus
- Tikug
- Sabutan
- Buri
Correct Answer: Juncus effusus
Correct Answer Explanation: Juncus effusus, a rush found in the Philippines, is known for producing high-quality matting in Japan. This shows the international reach of Philippine mat-making materials and their value in different cultures.
Which of the following is NOT a type of mat material mentioned in the text?
- Buri palm
- Sabutan pandan
- Tikug sedge
- Coconut husk
Correct Answer: Coconut husk
Correct Answer Explanation: While coconut husk is used for various crafts, it is not mentioned in the text as a material for making mats in the Philippines.
What is the name of the specific pandan species found only in the Bangui Peninsula of Ilocos Norte?
- Sabutan
- Sarakat
- Pandanus utilis
- Pandanus odoratissimus
Correct Answer: Sarakat
Correct Answer Explanation: Sarakat, a unique pandan species, is found exclusively in the Bangui Peninsula of Ilocos Norte. Its distinctive qualities make it a valuable material for mat-making in the region.
What is the name of the smaller sedge used for making mats and hats?
- Tikug
- Tayoc-tayoc
- Juncus effusus
- Buri
Correct Answer: Tayoc-tayoc
Correct Answer Explanation: Tayoc-tayoc, a smaller sedge than tikug, produces a finer but stiffer straw. It’s commonly used for mat-making and crafting hats due to its durability and unique texture.
What is the name of the type of mat known for its fine white and colored materials and intricate designs?
- Bohol tikug mat
- Moro pandan mat
- Samar tikug mat
- Romblon buri mat
Correct Answer: Romblon buri mat
Correct Answer Explanation: The Romblon buri mat is renowned for its fine white and colored materials, as well as its intricate designs. This mat showcases the craftsmanship and artistic skill of Romblon weavers.
What is the main purpose of the “iluhan”?
- Weaving mats
- Drying agricultural products
- Flattening pandan straw
- Dyeing mat materials
Correct Answer: Flattening pandan straw
Correct Answer Explanation: The iluhan, a primitive tool, is primarily used for flattening pandan straw, making it more pliable and easier to weave into mats. This step is crucial for creating durable and high-quality matting.
What was the main focus of the 1913 Bureau of Education bulletin “Philippine Mats”?
- Promoting the economic potential of the mat-making industry
- Documenting the history of mat-making in the Philippines
- Teaching traditional weaving techniques
- Preserving traditional mat-making designs
Correct Answer: Promoting the economic potential of the mat-making industry
Correct Answer Explanation: The 1913 bulletin aimed to promote the economic development of the mat-making industry by encouraging Filipinos to improve their craft skills and expand their market reach. This reflects the government’s focus on modernization and economic growth during the American colonial period.
Which of the following was NOT a purpose for which mats were used in the Philippines in 1913?
- Sleeping
- Household items
- Balking agricultural products
- Decoration for religious ceremonies
Correct Answer: Decoration for religious ceremonies
Correct Answer Explanation: While mats played a significant role in traditional Filipino life, their primary use was for sleeping, household items, and baling agricultural products. While they might have been used for decoration, there is no mention of their specific use for religious ceremonies in the text.
What is the name of the richly colored mat with elaborate designs, often using imported dyes?
- Bohol tikug mat
- Moro pandan mat
- Samar tikug mat
- Romblon buri mat
Correct Answer: Moro pandan mat
Correct Answer Explanation: The Moro pandan mat, known for its vibrant colors and intricate designs, often incorporates imported dyes. This mat showcases the influence of trade and cultural exchange on traditional mat-making practices.
How did the 1913 Bureau of Education bulletin advocate for improving the Philippine mat-making industry?
- Encouraging the use of modern weaving machines
- Promoting the use of imported materials
- Emphasizing the need for improved designs and color combinations
- Limiting the number of mats produced
Correct Answer: Emphasizing the need for improved designs and color combinations
Correct Answer Explanation: The bulletin stressed the importance of enhancing designs and color combinations to make Philippine mats more appealing to both domestic and foreign markets. By improving the aesthetic value of mats, the publication aimed to boost their commercial success and economic potential.
What is the name of the woven mat used for drying palay, copra, and other agricultural products?
- Bastos
- Bangkoan
- Iluhan
- Romblon mat
Correct Answer: Bangkoan
Correct Answer Explanation: The bangkoan, a coarsely woven pandan mat, is specifically designed for drying agricultural products. Its open weave allows for proper airflow, ensuring effective drying and preservation of crops.
Which type of mat is known for its intricate embroidered designs?
- Bohol tikug mat
- Romblon buri mat
- Samar tikug mat
- Moro pandan mat
Correct Answer: Samar tikug mat
Correct Answer Explanation: The Samar tikug mat is famous for its elaborate embroidered designs, which are a testament to the skill and artistry of Samar weavers. These intricate patterns are created by carefully weaving colored straws onto the mat.
What is the approximate cost of the most elaborate Basey tikug mat?
- ₱1
- ₱2
- ₱3
- ₱4
Correct Answer: ₱2
Correct Answer Explanation: The most elaborate Basey tikug mats sold for approximately ₱2, reflecting the higher value placed on their intricate designs and the craftsmanship involved in their creation.
What is the approximate number of large mats typically found in a northern Bohol family home?
- 1
- 3
- 5
- 7
Correct Answer: 3
Correct Answer Explanation: Northern Bohol families often have three or more large mats for sleeping purposes, showcasing the importance of mats in traditional Filipino homes and the prevalence of mat-making in the region.
What is the main weaving technique used to create patterned mats with alternating strands?
- Embroidery
- Open work weave
- Over-and-under weave
- Sawali weave
Correct Answer: Over-and-under weave
Correct Answer Explanation: The over-and-under weave is a basic weaving technique where strands are interlaced to create a pattern. It is commonly used in mat-making to create simple yet effective designs.
What is the name of the tool used for crushing sugar cane and copra, and also for flattening pandan straw?
- Iluhan
- Bastos
- Bangkoan
- Romblon mat
Correct Answer: Iluhan
Correct Answer Explanation: The iluhan, a simple but effective tool, is used for crushing sugar cane and copra. It can also be used to flatten pandan straw, making it easier to weave into mats.
What is the main purpose of the 1913 Bureau of Education bulletin “Philippine Mats”?
- Promoting the economic potential of the mat-making industry
- Documenting the history of mat-making in the Philippines
- Teaching traditional weaving techniques
- Preserving traditional mat-making designs
Correct Answer: Promoting the economic potential of the mat-making industry
Correct Answer Explanation: The 1913 bulletin aimed to promote the economic development of the mat-making industry by encouraging Filipinos to improve their craft skills and expand their market reach. This reflects the government’s focus on modernization and economic growth during the American colonial period.
What type of plant is the sabutan?
- Palm
- Sedge
- Bamboo
- Pandan
Correct Answer: Pandan
Correct Answer Explanation: The sabutan is a specific variety of the seashore pandan known for producing excellent matting material. Its durability and distinctive appearance make it a prized resource for mat weavers.
Which region is known for its mats that feature intricate embroidered designs?
- Romblon
- Bohol
- Samar
- Palawan
Correct Answer: Samar
Correct Answer Explanation: Samar is renowned for its beautifully embroidered tikug mats, which are a significant economic product for the island. The intricate designs showcase the skill and artistry of Samar weavers.
What is the approximate cost of a bundle of tikug straws in Bohol?
- 10 centavos
- 20 centavos
- 30 centavos
- 40 centavos
Correct Answer: 10 centavos
Correct Answer Explanation: A bundle of tikug straws in Bohol typically costs 10 centavos, reflecting the affordability and availability of this material for mat weavers.
What is the main purpose of the “iluhan”?
- Flattening pandan straw
- Dyeing mat materials
- Weaving mats
- Drying agricultural products
Correct Answer: Flattening pandan straw
Correct Answer Explanation: The iluhan, a primitive tool, is primarily used for flattening pandan straw, making it more pliable and easier to weave into mats. This step is crucial for creating durable and high-quality matting.
What is the name of the coarsely woven banana petiole mat used for baling tobacco?
- Bangkoan
- Bastos
- Iluhan
- Romblon mat
Correct Answer: Bastos
Correct Answer Explanation: Bastos, made from banana petioles, is a coarse mat used for baling tobacco. It provides a durable and sturdy material for securing tobacco leaves during transportation and storage.
What is the approximate number of buri palms on Mindoro Island?
- 100,000
- 2,000,000
- 500,000
- 1,000,000
Correct Answer: 2,000,000
Correct Answer Explanation: Mindoro Island is home to an estimated 2,000,000 buri palms, with about 12% of them being mature trees. This abundance of buri palms contributes to the region’s mat-making industry.
What is the name of the specific pandan species found only in the Bangui Peninsula of Ilocos Norte?
- Sabutan
- Sarakat
- Pandanus utilis
- Pandanus odoratissimus
Correct Answer: Sarakat
Correct Answer Explanation: Sarakat, a unique pandan species, is found exclusively in the Bangui Peninsula of Ilocos Norte. Its distinctive qualities make it a valuable material for mat-making in the region.
What is the name of the type of mat known for its fine white and colored materials and intricate designs?
- Romblon buri mat
- Bohol tikug mat
- Moro pandan mat
- Samar tikug mat
Correct Answer: Romblon buri mat
Correct Answer Explanation: The Romblon buri mat is renowned for its fine white and colored materials, as well as its intricate designs. This mat showcases the craftsmanship and artistic skill of Romblon weavers.
What is the approximate cost of dye for the cheapest tikug mat made in Basey, Samar?
- 5 centavos
- 10 centavos
- 15 centavos
- 20 centavos
Correct Answer: 10 centavos
Correct Answer Explanation: The cost of dye for a cheap Basey tikug mat could be as low as 10 centavos. More elaborate mats with richer colors would require more expensive dyes, costing up to 65 centavos.
How many women worked on the large mat measuring 10 meters by 12 meters that was made for a church in Samar?
- 10
- 20
- 30
- 40
Correct Answer: 30
Correct Answer Explanation: A massive mat measuring 10 meters by 12 meters was created for a church in Samar, requiring the combined effort of 30 women working simultaneously. This highlights the scale and community involvement in large mat-making projects.
Which of the following was NOT a purpose for which mats were used in the Philippines in 1913?
- Balking agricultural products
- Sleeping
- Decoration for religious ceremonies
- Household items
Correct Answer: Decoration for religious ceremonies
Correct Answer Explanation: While mats played a significant role in traditional Filipino life, their primary use was for sleeping, household items, and baling agricultural products. While they might have been used for decoration, there is no mention of their specific use for religious ceremonies in the text.
What is the name of the smaller sedge used for making mats and hats?
- Tikug
- Tayoc-tayoc
- Juncus effusus
- Buri
Correct Answer: Tayoc-tayoc
Correct Answer Explanation: Tayoc-tayoc, a smaller sedge than tikug, produces a finer but stiffer straw. It’s commonly used for mat-making and crafting hats due to its durability and unique texture.
How many tikug mats were produced in Sulat, Samar in 1911?
- 100
- 50
- 300
- 200
Correct Answer: 300
Correct Answer Explanation: Sulat, another town in Samar, produced about 300 tikug mats in 1911. While less than Basey, it still reflects the widespread practice of mat-making in the region.
What is the main purpose of the 1913 Bureau of Education bulletin “Philippine Mats”?
- Promoting the economic potential of the mat-making industry
- Documenting the history of mat-making in the Philippines
- Preserving traditional mat-making designs
- Teaching traditional weaving techniques
Correct Answer: Promoting the economic potential of the mat-making industry
Correct Answer Explanation: The 1913 bulletin aimed to promote the economic development of the mat-making industry by encouraging Filipinos to improve their craft skills and expand their market reach. This reflects the government’s focus on modernization and economic growth during the American colonial period.