During World War I, what was a major inefficiency in the transportation system that the US Council of National Defense sought to address?
- Empty truck runs
- Railroad congestion
- Shortages of fuel
- Lack of skilled drivers
Correct Answer: Empty truck runs
Correct Answer Explanation: The “Return Loads” pamphlet focused on the problem of empty truck runs, which wasted resources and reduced the overall transport capacity.
What was the purpose of “return-load bureaus” established during World War I?
- To regulate the price of gasoline
- To recruit drivers for the military
- To connect shippers with truck owners for full loads
- To build new highways and roads
Correct Answer: To connect shippers with truck owners for full loads
Correct Answer Explanation: The return-load bureaus acted as intermediaries, matching shippers with truck owners to ensure that trucks were not running empty.
What patriotic duty did the “Return Loads” pamphlet encourage shippers to fulfill?
- Enlist in the military
- Donate to war bonds
- Use highway transport for short hauls
- Ration gasoline
Correct Answer: Use highway transport for short hauls
Correct Answer Explanation: The pamphlet emphasized the use of highway transportation for short hauls, as this helped relieve pressure on the railways and allowed them to focus on longer-distance shipments.
Why were return-load bureaus seen as a valuable contribution to the war effort?
- They provided employment for returning soldiers
- They helped to reduce the price of goods
- They conserved resources and improved transportation efficiency
- They discouraged the use of railroads
Correct Answer: They conserved resources and improved transportation efficiency
Correct Answer Explanation: Return-load bureaus helped conserve resources by minimizing empty truck runs and improving overall transportation efficiency, which was essential during wartime.
In what country did the return-load bureau system already have a proven track record?
- France
- Germany
- England
- Russia
Correct Answer: England
Correct Answer Explanation: The “Return Loads” pamphlet mentions that the system was already successfully established in England, demonstrating its potential effectiveness in other countries facing similar challenges.
What key benefit of highway transportation was highlighted in the “Return Loads” pamphlet?
- Its ability to travel long distances without stopping
- Its ability to transport large quantities of goods
- Its ability to deliver goods the same day they were shipped
- Its ability to operate in all weather conditions
Correct Answer: Its ability to deliver goods the same day they were shipped
Correct Answer Explanation: The pamphlet emphasized the speed and efficiency of highway transportation, highlighting the ability of motor trucks to deliver goods the same day they were shipped.
What did the pamphlet encourage shippers to do to maximize the use of return-load bureaus?
- Pay higher rates for transportation
- Hire additional drivers
- Give advance notice for return loads
- Use only trucks manufactured in the United States
Correct Answer: Give advance notice for return loads
Correct Answer Explanation: The pamphlet encouraged shippers to provide advance notice for return loads, which helped ensure efficient use of trucks and minimize delays.
What organization operated the Highways Transport Committee during World War I?
- The US Department of Transportation
- The American Automobile Association
- The US Council of National Defense
- The American Trucking Association
Correct Answer: The US Council of National Defense
Correct Answer Explanation: The Highways Transport Committee was a part of the US Council of National Defense, which was responsible for coordinating national efforts during World War I.
What was the main objective of the “Return Loads” pamphlet?
- To promote the development of new trucking technologies
- To increase the number of trucks on the road
- To organize bureaus in all states to facilitate efficient transportation
- To encourage the use of rail transport over highways
Correct Answer: To organize bureaus in all states to facilitate efficient transportation
Correct Answer Explanation: The pamphlet aimed to establish return-load bureaus in all states, creating a nationwide network to connect shippers and truck owners and maximize transportation efficiency.
What specific location was listed for the Highways Transport Committee?
- 944 Munsey Building, Washington, D.C.
- 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, D.C.
- 10 Downing Street, London
- The Pentagon, Arlington, Virginia
Correct Answer: 944 Munsey Building, Washington, D.C.
Correct Answer Explanation: The “Return Loads” pamphlet listed the Highways Transport Committee’s location as 944 Munsey Building, Washington, D.C.
What specific term was used in telephone directories to find listings for return-load bureaus?
- “Return Loads”
- “Trucking Services”
- “Highway Transport”
- “Motor Express Lines”
Correct Answer: “Return Loads”
Correct Answer Explanation: The “Return Loads” pamphlet stated that the bureaus could be found under the heading “Return Loads” in telephone directories.
What was the primary motivation for establishing return-load bureaus during World War I?
- To provide jobs for unemployed workers
- To increase the profits of trucking companies
- To conserve resources and support the war effort
- To establish a national trucking industry
Correct Answer: To conserve resources and support the war effort
Correct Answer Explanation: Return-load bureaus were established as a patriotic measure to conserve resources, minimize waste, and support the war effort by maximizing transportation efficiency.
How did the “Return Loads” pamphlet argue that highway transport could benefit long-distance shipments?
- By reducing the need for rail transportation
- By providing faster delivery times for long distances
- By freeing up rail cars for longer-distance transportation
- By reducing the cost of long-distance shipping
Correct Answer: By freeing up rail cars for longer-distance transportation
Correct Answer Explanation: The pamphlet argued that by using trucks for short hauls, rail cars could be freed up for longer-distance transportation, improving the efficiency of the overall transportation system.
What was the main message conveyed by the “Return Loads” pamphlet?
- Highway transport is superior to rail transport.
- The use of return-load bureaus is a patriotic duty.
- Government regulation is essential for efficient transportation.
- Motor trucks are only suitable for short-distance hauls.
Correct Answer: The use of return-load bureaus is a patriotic duty.
Correct Answer Explanation: The pamphlet emphasized the patriotic duty of using return-load bureaus to support the war effort by conserving resources and maximizing transportation efficiency.
What does the phrase “return loads” refer to?
- The process of returning empty trucks to their starting points
- The practice of transporting goods in both directions on a single trip
- The system of matching shippers with truck owners for full loads
- The fees charged for transporting goods by truck
Correct Answer: The system of matching shippers with truck owners for full loads
Correct Answer Explanation: “Return loads” refers to the system of connecting shippers with truck owners who have empty vehicles, ensuring that trucks are not running empty and maximizing the use of resources.
What did the “Return Loads” pamphlet suggest about the cost of highway transportation compared to rail transport?
- Highway transport was consistently more expensive.
- Highway transport was consistently cheaper.
- Highway transport was cheaper for short hauls.
- Highway transport was cheaper for long hauls.
Correct Answer: Highway transport was cheaper for short hauls.
Correct Answer Explanation: The pamphlet highlighted that highway transportation was often less expensive than rail express rates for short hauls, making it a cost-effective alternative.
What specific type of transportation did the Railroad Administration endorse in the “Return Loads” pamphlet?
- Motor transport for short hauls
- Motor transport for long hauls
- Rail transport for short hauls
- Rail transport for long hauls
Correct Answer: Motor transport for short hauls
Correct Answer Explanation: The pamphlet mentioned that the Railroad Administration recognized the value of using motor trucks for short hauls, as this helped relieve pressure on rail lines.
What did the “Return Loads” pamphlet highlight as a crucial aspect of highway transportation?
- Its ability to reach remote areas
- Its ability to transport hazardous materials
- Its ability to provide “door-to-door” service
- Its ability to operate at high speeds
Correct Answer: Its ability to provide “door-to-door” service
Correct Answer Explanation: The pamphlet emphasized the “door-to-door” service offered by motor trucks, which allowed shippers and consignees to have goods picked up and delivered directly to their locations.
Which of the following was NOT mentioned as a benefit of using highway transport for short hauls?
- It relieved pressure on the railways.
- It provided faster delivery times.
- It was generally cheaper than rail transport.
- It reduced the need for gasoline rationing.
Correct Answer: It reduced the need for gasoline rationing.
Correct Answer Explanation: While highway transport did play a role in fuel consumption, the pamphlet did not specifically focus on reducing the need for gasoline rationing as a benefit of using trucks for short hauls.
What type of organizations were considered to be “unselfishly rendered service” in the “Return Loads” pamphlet?
- Motor express lines
- State Councils of Defense
- Return-load bureaus
- Shippers and consignees
Correct Answer: Return-load bureaus
Correct Answer Explanation: The “Return Loads” pamphlet highlighted the “unselfishly rendered service” of return-load bureaus, which were non-profit organizations dedicated to serving the public good and supporting the war effort.
What was the significance of the fact that millions of tons of merchandise and materials were successfully transported by motor trucks during World War I?
- It proved the superiority of highway transport over rail transport.
- It demonstrated the vital role of motor trucks in supporting the war effort.
- It highlighted the importance of government regulation of the trucking industry.
- It showed that motor trucks were more efficient than railroads for long-distance transportation.
Correct Answer: It demonstrated the vital role of motor trucks in supporting the war effort.
Correct Answer Explanation: The fact that motor trucks successfully transported millions of tons of goods during wartime demonstrated their crucial contribution to the war effort and their ability to handle large-scale transportation needs.
What was the main purpose of the State Councils of Defense in relation to motor trucks?
- To recruit truck drivers for the military
- To regulate the price of gasoline
- To ensure that trucks were being used efficiently
- To facilitate the use of motor trucks by removing restrictions
Correct Answer: To facilitate the use of motor trucks by removing restrictions
Correct Answer Explanation: The State Councils of Defense were tasked with supporting the war effort, including removing regulations that restricted the use of motor trucks and promoting their wider adoption.
What was the historical context of the “Return Loads” pamphlet?
- The aftermath of the Great Depression
- The beginning of the Cold War
- World War I and the need for efficient transportation
- The rise of the automobile industry
Correct Answer: World War I and the need for efficient transportation
Correct Answer Explanation: The “Return Loads” pamphlet was published during World War I, a time of intense industrial mobilization and a crucial need for efficient transportation to support the war effort.
What was the primary goal of the return-load bureau system?
- To increase the profits of trucking companies
- To reduce traffic congestion on highways
- To connect shippers with truck owners for full loads
- To create a national network of highways
Correct Answer: To connect shippers with truck owners for full loads
Correct Answer Explanation: The main goal of the return-load bureau system was to connect shippers with truck owners who had empty vehicles, ensuring that trucks were not running empty and maximizing the use of resources.
What did the “Return Loads” pamphlet encourage shippers to do?
- Use only trucks manufactured in the United States
- Pay higher rates for transportation
- Consider using highway transport
- Ration gasoline
Correct Answer: Consider using highway transport
Correct Answer Explanation: The pamphlet urged manufacturers, merchants, and others to consider using highway transportation for short-haul deliveries, highlighting its benefits and encouraging its wider adoption.
What was a significant disadvantage of using rail transport during World War I?
- Rail lines were often congested, leading to delays.
- Rail transport was too slow for transporting perishable goods.
- Rail transport was not as fuel-efficient as motor trucks.
- Rail transport was too expensive for short hauls.
Correct Answer: Rail lines were often congested, leading to delays.
Correct Answer Explanation: During wartime, rail lines were often congested due to the increased demand for transportation, leading to delays in shipments and hindering the efficient movement of goods.
What did the “Return Loads” pamphlet suggest about the dependability of highway haulage?
- It was only suitable for short hauls.
- It was more reliable than rail transport.
- It was more expensive than rail transport.
- It was not as efficient as rail transport.
Correct Answer: It was more reliable than rail transport.
Correct Answer Explanation: The pamphlet highlighted the dependability of highway haulage, particularly between neighboring cities, and suggested that it was a reliable alternative to rail transport.
What was the main purpose of the Highway Transport Committee?
- To regulate the trucking industry
- To promote the use of highways for transportation
- To build new highways and roads
- To train truck drivers
Correct Answer: To promote the use of highways for transportation
Correct Answer Explanation: The Highway Transport Committee, part of the US Council of National Defense, was responsible for promoting the efficient use of highways for transportation, particularly during World War I.
What did the “Return Loads” pamphlet argue was a direct consequence of using trucks for short hauls?
- Increased traffic congestion on highways
- Reduced demand for rail transportation
- Higher transportation costs
- Increased fuel consumption
Correct Answer: Reduced demand for rail transportation
Correct Answer Explanation: The pamphlet argued that by using trucks for short hauls, the demand for rail transportation could be reduced, freeing up rail cars for longer-distance shipments.
How did the return-load bureau system contribute to the war effort?
- It reduced the need for rationing.
- It increased the number of trucks on the road.
- It helped to conserve resources and improve transportation efficiency.
- It provided jobs for returning soldiers.
Correct Answer: It helped to conserve resources and improve transportation efficiency.
Correct Answer Explanation: The return-load bureau system contributed to the war effort by conserving resources, minimizing waste, and improving transportation efficiency, which was essential for supporting the military and industrial mobilization.
Why were shippers encouraged to give advance notice for return loads?
- To ensure that trucks were always carrying cargo
- To reduce the number of trucks on the road
- To keep track of the location of all trucks
- To avoid delays in transportation
Correct Answer: To avoid delays in transportation
Correct Answer Explanation: Shippers were encouraged to give advance notice for return loads to help ensure efficient use of trucks and minimize delays in transportation, as this was crucial for timely delivery of goods during wartime.
What did the “Return Loads” pamphlet emphasize about the importance of return-load bureaus?
- They were a vital part of the war effort.
- They were a valuable resource for businesses.
- They were a necessary step towards a national trucking industry.
- They were a way to reduce the cost of transportation.
Correct Answer: They were a vital part of the war effort.
Correct Answer Explanation: The “Return Loads” pamphlet highlighted the patriotic importance of return-load bureaus, emphasizing their role in conserving resources and supporting the war effort by maximizing transportation efficiency.
What was a key characteristic of motor trucks that made them suitable for short-haul transportation?
- Their ability to travel long distances without stopping
- Their ability to transport large quantities of goods
- Their ability to deliver goods the same day they were shipped
- Their ability to operate in all weather conditions
Correct Answer: Their ability to deliver goods the same day they were shipped
Correct Answer Explanation: The “Return Loads” pamphlet emphasized the speed and efficiency of highway transportation, highlighting the ability of motor trucks to deliver goods the same day they were shipped, making them suitable for short hauls.
What did the pamphlet suggest about the role of return-load bureaus in the transportation system?
- They were only a temporary solution to wartime needs.
- They were a significant step towards a national trucking industry.
- They were an essential part of a comprehensive transportation system.
- They were a way to reduce the need for railroads.
Correct Answer: They were an essential part of a comprehensive transportation system.
Correct Answer Explanation: The “Return Loads” pamphlet suggested that return-load bureaus were an essential part of a comprehensive transportation system, helping to maximize efficiency and ensure the timely movement of goods, particularly during wartime.
What specific examples were mentioned in the “Return Loads” pamphlet to demonstrate the success of return-load bureaus?
- The use of motor trucks for short hauls in the United States
- The operation of return-load bureaus in Manchester, England
- The establishment of motor express lines in the United States
- The development of new trucking technologies
Correct Answer: The operation of return-load bureaus in Manchester, England
Correct Answer Explanation: The “Return Loads” pamphlet mentioned the successful operation of return-load bureaus in Manchester, England, as an example of the system’s effectiveness in other countries facing similar transportation challenges.
What did the “Return Loads” pamphlet suggest about the future of highway transport?
- It would eventually replace rail transport altogether.
- It would become a major part of the national transportation system.
- It would be limited to short-haul transportation.
- It would face significant challenges due to fuel shortages.
Correct Answer: It would become a major part of the national transportation system.
Correct Answer Explanation: The “Return Loads” pamphlet suggested that highway transport would become a major part of the national transportation system, highlighting its potential for efficiency, speed, and flexibility, particularly for short-haul deliveries.
What was the primary purpose of the “Return Loads” pamphlet?
- To educate the public about the benefits of highway transport
- To persuade shippers to use return-load bureaus
- To promote the development of new trucking technologies
- To encourage the growth of the trucking industry
Correct Answer: To persuade shippers to use return-load bureaus
Correct Answer Explanation: The primary purpose of the “Return Loads” pamphlet was to persuade shippers to use return-load bureaus to maximize the efficiency of transportation and support the war effort by minimizing waste and maximizing the use of resources.
What was the main message conveyed by the “Return Loads” pamphlet?
- Efficient transportation is essential for a strong economy.
- Motor trucks are the future of transportation.
- The government should regulate the trucking industry.
- Using return-load bureaus is a patriotic duty.
Correct Answer: Using return-load bureaus is a patriotic duty.
Correct Answer Explanation: The “Return Loads” pamphlet emphasized the patriotic duty of using return-load bureaus to support the war effort by conserving resources and maximizing transportation efficiency, highlighting the importance of this system during wartime.
What was a key finding of the “Return Loads” pamphlet?
- Empty truck runs were a significant waste of resources.
- Rail transport was more efficient than highway transport.
- Highway transport was too expensive for short hauls.
- The return-load bureau system was not effective.
Correct Answer: Empty truck runs were a significant waste of resources.
Correct Answer Explanation: The “Return Loads” pamphlet identified empty truck runs as a significant waste of resources and transportation capacity, highlighting the need for solutions like the return-load bureau system.
What did the “Return Loads” pamphlet suggest about the use of motor trucks in relation to railroads?
- Motor trucks could replace railroads altogether.
- Motor trucks were only suitable for short hauls.
- Motor trucks could be used to supplement railroads.
- Motor trucks were more efficient than railroads for long-distance transportation.
Correct Answer: Motor trucks could be used to supplement railroads.
Correct Answer Explanation: The “Return Loads” pamphlet suggested that motor trucks could be used to supplement railroads, particularly for short hauls, allowing railroads to focus on longer-distance transportation and improving the overall efficiency of the transportation system.
What was the role of the Highways Transport Committee in promoting the use of return-load bureaus?
- They organized the bureaus nationwide.
- They provided financial support to the bureaus.
- They educated shippers about the benefits of the bureaus.
- They regulated the activities of the bureaus.
Correct Answer: They educated shippers about the benefits of the bureaus.
Correct Answer Explanation: The Highways Transport Committee played a role in educating shippers about the benefits of using return-load bureaus, promoting their adoption and ensuring the efficient use of motor trucks during wartime.
What did the “Return Loads” pamphlet suggest about the potential of highway transportation?
- It had the potential to revolutionize the transportation industry.
- It had the potential to reduce the need for railroads.
- It had the potential to address wartime transportation needs.
- It had the potential to improve the quality of life for Americans.
Correct Answer: It had the potential to address wartime transportation needs.
Correct Answer Explanation: The “Return Loads” pamphlet highlighted the potential of highway transportation to address wartime transportation needs, particularly during periods of intense mobilization and demand for efficient movement of goods.
What was a key argument presented in the “Return Loads” pamphlet for using highway transport?
- It was more efficient than rail transport for short hauls.
- It was more environmentally friendly than rail transport.
- It was more affordable than rail transport for long hauls.
- It was more reliable than rail transport for all distances.
Correct Answer: It was more efficient than rail transport for short hauls.
Correct Answer Explanation: The “Return Loads” pamphlet argued that highway transport was more efficient than rail transport for short hauls, highlighting its ability to provide faster delivery times, “door-to-door” service, and reduce pressure on rail lines.
What did the “Return Loads” pamphlet encourage shippers to do to contribute to the war effort?
- Use only trucks manufactured in the United States
- Hire additional truck drivers
- Use highway transport for short hauls
- Ration gasoline
Correct Answer: Use highway transport for short hauls
Correct Answer Explanation: The “Return Loads” pamphlet encouraged shippers to use highway transport for short hauls as a patriotic duty, highlighting its benefits in conserving resources, improving efficiency, and supporting the war effort.
What was the historical context of the return-load bureau system?
- The beginning of the automobile industry
- The aftermath of the Great Depression
- World War I and the need for efficient transportation
- The rise of the trucking industry
Correct Answer: World War I and the need for efficient transportation
Correct Answer Explanation: The return-load bureau system emerged during World War I, a time of intense industrial mobilization and a crucial need for efficient transportation to support the war effort, highlighting its importance in addressing wartime transportation challenges.
What was the main focus of the “Return Loads” pamphlet?
- Promoting the use of return-load bureaus
- Encouraging the growth of the trucking industry
- Educating the public about the benefits of highway transport
- Regulating the activities of the trucking industry
Correct Answer: Promoting the use of return-load bureaus
Correct Answer Explanation: The “Return Loads” pamphlet focused on promoting the use of return-load bureaus as a way to maximize transportation efficiency, conserve resources, and support the war effort during World War I.
What was a significant benefit of using highway transport for short hauls during World War I?
- It freed up rail cars for longer-distance transportation.
- It reduced the need for gasoline rationing.
- It eliminated the need for rail transport altogether.
- It provided faster delivery times for long-distance shipments.
Correct Answer: It freed up rail cars for longer-distance transportation.
Correct Answer Explanation: The “Return Loads” pamphlet highlighted that using trucks for short hauls freed up rail cars for longer-distance transportation, improving the overall efficiency of the transportation system.
What was the primary motivation for establishing return-load bureaus?
- To increase the profits of trucking companies
- To reduce traffic congestion on highways
- To create a national network of highways
- To conserve resources and support the war effort
Correct Answer: To conserve resources and support the war effort
Correct Answer Explanation: The return-load bureau system was established as a patriotic measure during World War I to conserve resources, minimize waste, and support the war effort by maximizing transportation efficiency.
What did the “Return Loads” pamphlet highlight as a key advantage of using highway transport for short hauls?
- Its ability to travel long distances without stopping
- Its ability to transport large quantities of goods
- Its ability to provide “door-to-door” service
- Its ability to operate in all weather conditions
Correct Answer: Its ability to provide “door-to-door” service
Correct Answer Explanation: The “Return Loads” pamphlet emphasized the “door-to-door” service offered by motor trucks, highlighting their ability to pick up and deliver goods directly to shippers and consignees, making them suitable for short-haul transportation.
What was the role of the State Councils of Defense in relation to the return-load bureau system?
- They funded the bureaus.
- They regulated the bureaus.
- They promoted the use of the bureaus.
- They established the bureaus.
Correct Answer: They promoted the use of the bureaus.
Correct Answer Explanation: The State Councils of Defense played a role in promoting the use of return-load bureaus, working to remove restrictions on motor truck usage and encourage their wider adoption to support the war effort.
What was the main message conveyed by the “Return Loads” pamphlet?
- The use of return-load bureaus is a patriotic duty.
- Motor trucks are superior to railroads for all types of transportation.
- The government should regulate the trucking industry.
- Efficient transportation is essential for a strong economy.
Correct Answer: The use of return-load bureaus is a patriotic duty.
Correct Answer Explanation: The “Return Loads” pamphlet emphasized the patriotic duty of using return-load bureaus to support the war effort by conserving resources and maximizing transportation efficiency, highlighting the importance of this system during wartime.
What was a key argument presented in the “Return Loads” pamphlet for using highway transport for short hauls?
- It was more reliable than rail transport for long-distance shipments.
- It was more efficient than rail transport for short hauls.
- It was more environmentally friendly than rail transport.
- It was more affordable than rail transport for long hauls.
Correct Answer: It was more efficient than rail transport for short hauls.
Correct Answer Explanation: The “Return Loads” pamphlet argued that highway transport was more efficient than rail transport for short hauls, highlighting its ability to provide faster delivery times, “door-to-door” service, and reduce pressure on rail lines.
What did the “Return Loads” pamphlet highlight as a significant challenge faced by the transportation system during World War I?
- The shortage of truck drivers
- The lack of fuel
- The congestion of rail lines
- The limited capacity of motor trucks
Correct Answer: The congestion of rail lines
Correct Answer Explanation: The “Return Loads” pamphlet highlighted the congestion of rail lines during World War I as a significant challenge, emphasizing the need for alternative transportation solutions like highway transport to relieve pressure on rail systems.
What did the “Return Loads” pamphlet suggest about the relationship between highway transport and rail transport?
- Highway transport would eventually replace rail transport.
- Highway transport could be used to supplement rail transport.
- Highway transport was only suitable for short hauls.
- Highway transport was more efficient than rail transport for all distances.
Correct Answer: Highway transport could be used to supplement rail transport.
Correct Answer Explanation: The “Return Loads” pamphlet suggested that highway transport could be used to supplement rail transport, particularly for short hauls, allowing railroads to focus on longer-distance transportation and improving the overall efficiency of the transportation system.
What was a specific example mentioned in the “Return Loads” pamphlet to illustrate the success of the return-load bureau system?
- The use of motor trucks for short hauls in the United States
- The operation of return-load bureaus in Manchester, England
- The establishment of motor express lines in the United States
- The development of new trucking technologies
Correct Answer: The operation of return-load bureaus in Manchester, England
Correct Answer Explanation: The “Return Loads” pamphlet mentioned the successful operation of return-load bureaus in Manchester, England, as an example of the system’s effectiveness in other countries facing similar transportation challenges.
What was the main purpose of the Highway Transport Committee?
- To regulate the trucking industry
- To build new highways and roads
- To promote the use of highways for transportation
- To train truck drivers
Correct Answer: To promote the use of highways for transportation
Correct Answer Explanation: The Highway Transport Committee, part of the US Council of National Defense, was responsible for promoting the efficient use of highways for transportation, particularly during World War I, to support the war effort.
What was a key argument presented in the “Return Loads” pamphlet for using highway transport?
- It was more efficient than rail transport for short hauls.
- It was more environmentally friendly than rail transport.
- It was more affordable than rail transport for long hauls.
- It was more reliable than rail transport for all distances.
Correct Answer: It was more efficient than rail transport for short hauls.
Correct Answer Explanation: The “Return Loads” pamphlet argued that highway transport was more efficient than rail transport for short hauls, highlighting its ability to provide faster delivery times, “door-to-door” service, and reduce pressure on rail lines.
What did the “Return Loads” pamphlet suggest about the future of highway transport?
- It would eventually replace rail transport altogether.
- It would become a major part of the national transportation system.
- It would be limited to short-haul transportation.
- It would face significant challenges due to fuel shortages.
Correct Answer: It would become a major part of the national transportation system.
Correct Answer Explanation: The “Return Loads” pamphlet suggested that highway transport would become a major part of the national transportation system, highlighting its potential for efficiency, speed, and flexibility, particularly for short-haul deliveries.
What did the “Return Loads” pamphlet highlight as a significant benefit of using highway transport for short hauls?
- It freed up rail cars for longer-distance transportation.
- It reduced the need for gasoline rationing.
- It eliminated the need for rail transport altogether.
- It provided faster delivery times for long-distance shipments.
Correct Answer: It freed up rail cars for longer-distance transportation.
Correct Answer Explanation: The “Return Loads” pamphlet highlighted that using trucks for short hauls freed up rail cars for longer-distance transportation, improving the overall efficiency of the transportation system.
What was the historical context of the return-load bureau system?
- The beginning of the automobile industry
- The aftermath of the Great Depression
- World War I and the need for efficient transportation
- The rise of the trucking industry
Correct Answer: World War I and the need for efficient transportation
Correct Answer Explanation: The return-load bureau system emerged during World War I, a time of intense industrial mobilization and a crucial need for efficient transportation to support the war effort, highlighting its importance in addressing wartime transportation challenges.
What was the main focus of the “Return Loads” pamphlet?
- Promoting the use of return-load bureaus
- Encouraging the growth of the trucking industry
- Educating the public about the benefits of highway transport
- Regulating the activities of the trucking industry
Correct Answer: Promoting the use of return-load bureaus
Correct Answer Explanation: The “Return Loads” pamphlet focused on promoting the use of return-load bureaus as a way to maximize transportation efficiency, conserve resources, and support the war effort during World War I.