- Which type of flower pigmentation primarily helps in attracting specific pollinators?
A: Chlorophyll
B: Anthocyanins
C: Carotenoids
D: Melanin
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Anthocyanins are responsible for red, purple, and blue hues in flowers, which attract specific pollinators. - What term is used to describe plants that produce flowers on reduced or absent stems?
A: Pedunculate
B: Sessile
C: Bifurcate
D: Tendril-bearing
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Sessile flowers are directly attached to the plant at their base without a stem. - The practice of assigning meanings to flowers is known as what?
A: Florigraphy
B: Botany
C: Phytology
D: Floriography
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Floriography is the practice of assigning meanings to different flowers. - What plant part comprises the non-reproductive structures such as petals and sepals in flowers?
A: Gynoecium
B: Androecium
C: Perianth
D: Receptacle
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The perianth includes all the non-reproductive parts of the flower. - What term describes a single flower from a collective formation resembling one flower?
A: Umbel
B: Capitulum
C: Raceme
D: Panicle
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: A capitulum is a type of inflorescence where many small flowers are clustered to appear as one flower. - Flowers pollinated mainly at night by bats often have what characteristic color?
A: Blue
B: White
C: Red
D: Purple
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: White flowers are more visible at night and attract nocturnal pollinators like bats. - What is the name of the process where pollination occurs below the surface of the water?
A: Epihydrogamy
B: Epi-zoocory
C: Hyphydrogamy
D: Hydrospermy
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Hyphydrogamy refers to underwater pollination. - Which term refers to the fusion of different whorls in flowers?
A: Gamopetalous
B: Sympetalous
C: Syncarpous
D: Adnation
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Adnation refers to the fusion of different whorls like stamens to petals. - What term describes a flower with male and female parts on the same flower?
A: Monoecious
B: Dioecious
C: Hermaphrodite
D: Cleistogamous
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Hermaphrodite flowers have both male and female reproductive parts. - What is the primary purpose of a flower’s scent?
A: Deterring predators
B: Cooling the plant
C: Attracting pollinators
D: Interrupting photosynthesis
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: A flower’s scent is primarily to attract pollinators. - Flowers have evolved various symmetry types. Which type of symmetry produces only one plane of symmetry?
A: Radial symmetry
B: Bilateral symmetry
C: Transected symmetry
D: Spiro-symmetry
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Bilateral symmetry produces a flower that can only be bisected into equal halves in one plane. - Which gene function is NOT part of the ABC model of flower development?
A: A genes
B: B genes
C: D genes
D: C genes
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The ABC model includes A, B, and C genes that control flower development. - What is the evolutionary significance of flowers producing nectar?
A: Seed dispersal
B: Energy storage
C: Attractive scent production
D: Pollinator attraction
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Nectar is produced to attract pollinators, which aid in cross-pollination. - How many main whorls are typically found in a flower?
A: Three
B: Five
C: Four
D: Six
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Flowers typically have four main whorls: calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium. - Which part of a flower typically contains the ovules?
A: Anther
B: Style
C: Ovary
D: Stigma
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The ovary contains the ovules. - What is the “double fertilization” process unique to flowering plants?
A: Two sperm cells merge with two eggs
B: One sperm fertilizes the egg, and another fuses with polar nuclei
C: Double the number of eggs are fertilized
D: Fertilization occurs twice
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Double fertilization involves one sperm cell fertilizing the egg and another fusing with polar nuclei to form the endosperm. - How are the genes controlling flower development categorized in the ABC model?
A: By color
B: By function
C: By location
D: By morphology
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Genes are categorized by their function in controlling the developmental identities of the floral organs. - Which animals are involved in chiropterophily?
A: Bees
B: Butterflies
C: Bats
D: Birds
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Chiropterophily refers to pollination by bats. - Flowers that have bright colors and a high scent intensity are most likely pollinated by which vector?
A: Wind
B: Water
C: Animals
D: Sunlight
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Bright colors and strong scents attract animal pollinators such as insects, birds, or bats. - What is the primary advantage of cross-pollination for plants?
A: Double the seed production
B: Increased genetic diversity
C: Faster flowering
D: More attractive flowers
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Cross-pollination increases genetic diversity, which helps the species adapt and survive. - What term describes flowers that are pollinated without opening?
A: Complete
B: Cleistogamous
C: Incomplete
D: Parthenocarpic
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Cleistogamous flowers self-pollinate without opening. - What is an inflorescence where floral stems are similar to a single flower called?
A: Peduncle
B: Capitulum
C: Receptacle
D: Umbel
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: A capitulum is a type of inflorescence resembling a single flower. - Which part of the flower typically captures and holds pollen?
A: Style
B: Stigma
C: Filament
D: Receptacle
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The stigma captures and holds pollen. - What role do animals play in a plant’s reproductive process when they consume its fruit?
A: Fertilization
B: Seed dispersal
C: Pollination
D: Growth stimulation
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Consuming fruit helps animals disperse the seeds of the plant. - What are the functions of petals in pollination?
A: Protecting the reproductive organs
B: Producing nectar
C: Attracting pollinators with color and scent
D: Storing water
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Petals attract pollinators with their color and scent. - What simple model explains the gene interactions involved in flower development?
A: XYZ model
B: ABC model
C: LMN model
D: DEF model
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The ABC model explains how three gene functions determine the development of floral organs. - What type of fruits are developed from an ovary after fertilization?
A: Non-gamosepalous
B: Gametophytic
C: Composite
D: True fruits
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: After fertilization, the ovary of a flower develops into true fruits containing seeds. - Which type of floral symmetry is found in the majority of flowers?
A: Bilateral symmetry
B: Radial symmetry
C: Asymmetry
D: No symmetry
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Most flowers exhibit radial symmetry, producing symmetrical halves from any point bisecting the center. - Which reproductive strategy reduces the energy required for pollination?
A: Cross-pollination
B: Anemophily
C: Self-pollination
D: Biotic vectors
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Self-pollination is more energy-efficient for the plant than relying on external pollinators. - What is a term for a flower that can develop seeds without fertilization?
A: Polliniferous
B: Parthenocarpic
C: Androcarpous
D: Zygomorphic
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Parthenocarpic flowers produce seeds without fertilization. - Which part of the flower connects the stigma to the ovary?
A: Style
B: Anther
C: Sepal
D: Filament
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The style is the structure that connects the stigma to the ovary. - The term “flowering plants” is used to represent plants under which scientific classification?
A: Gymnosperms
B: Bryophytes
C: Angiosperms
D: Pteridophytes
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Flowering plants belong to the division Angiospermae. - What is the botanical term for a flower stem?
A: Peduncle
B: Petiole
C: Tendril
D: Rhizome
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The peduncle is the stem that supports a flower or an inflorescence. - What is the process called when pollen from the anther is deposited on the stigma of the same flower?
A: Self-pollination
B: Cross-pollination
C: Allogamy
D: Dichogamy
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Self-pollination occurs when pollen from the anther is deposited on the stigma of the same flower. - Which flowers typically have nectar guides that are visible under ultraviolet light?
A: Orchids
B: Tulips
C: Daisies
D: Roses
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Many flowers, such as daisies, have nectar guides visible under ultraviolet light to attract pollinators. - What is the primary function of sepals in a flower?
A: Producing seeds
B: Protecting developing buds
C: Capturing pollen
D: Attracting pollinators
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Sepals protect the developing bud before it opens. - Upon fertilization, which flower part turns into seeds?
A: Sepals
B: Petals
C: Ovules
D: Stigma
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Ovules develop into seeds after fertilization. - Which term describes the cluster of tiny flowers arranged to resemble a single large flower, like in sunflowers?
A: Inflorescence
B: Umbel
C: Compound flower
D: Capitulum
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: A capitulum, seen in sunflowers, is a cluster of tiny flowers resembling a single larger flower. - What botanical structure is involved in the transfer of pollen grains to the stigma?
A: Filament
B: Style
C: Androecium
D: Pollinator
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Pollinators like bees and insects transfer pollen grains to the stigma. - What do we call plants with flowers but no fruit production?
A: Cleistogamous
B: Parthenocarpic
C: Incomplete
D: Sterile
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Sterile plants have flowers but do not produce fruit. - What specifically marks the beginning of the pollen tube formation in fertilization?
A: Seed dispersal
B: Ovary development
C: Pollen landing on the stigma
D: Petal growth
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Pollen landing on the stigma signals the beginning of pollen tube formation leading to fertilization. - In the ABC model of flower development, which structures do B and C genes form together?
A: Sepals
B: Petals
C: Stamens
D: Carpels
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: B and C gene activities lead to the formation of stamens. - What kind of flowers are produced by plants which only self-fertilize and never open?
A: Perfect flowers
B: Cleistogamous flowers
C: Imperfect flowers
D: Gamosepalous flowers
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Cleistogamous flowers self-fertilize without opening. - What phase change involves a plant transitioning to produce flowers?
A: Dormancy
B: Vegetative phase
C: Transition to flowering
D: Reproductive phase
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Transition to flowering is a major phase change in a plant’s life. - Which plant part envelops the flower, often forming a protection layer?
A: Bracts
B: Peduncles
C: Sepals
D: Nectaries
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Sepals form an outer protective layer around the developing flower.