Which of these hairstyles involved braiding a section of hair to create a cascading effect?
- Waterfall
- Bow
- Puffs
- Chignon
Correct Answer: Waterfall
Correct Answer Explanation: A “waterfall” hairstyle, as described in the 1867 guide, involves braiding or weaving a section of hair to create a cascading, flowing effect, reminiscent of a waterfall.
What was a popular hair ornament that was worn across the forehead and often used to accentuate hairstyles?
- Switch
- Curls
- Diadem
- Chignon
Correct Answer: Diadem
Correct Answer Explanation: A diadem, as defined in the guide, was a decorative band worn across the forehead, often to accentuate a hairstyle. It could be made from various materials, including hair, and was popular for both formal and informal occasions.
What type of hair was considered the most valuable and desirable in the 19th century?
- Black
- Brown
- Blonde
- White
Correct Answer: White
Correct Answer Explanation: White hair was highly valued in the 19th century due to its scarcity. It was often hand-picked from grey hair and could fetch a high price, sometimes exceeding $200 per pound.
In the 1867 guide, what was the typical price range for a pound of human hair?
- $1-$10
- $15-$200
- $500-$1000
- $1000-$5000
Correct Answer: $15-$200
Correct Answer Explanation: In 1867, human hair was a significant commodity with prices ranging from $15 to $200 per pound, depending on its quality, color, and length.
What was the name for the small, cylindrical objects used to hold strands of hair during braiding?
- Weights
- Bobbins
- Molds
- Switches
Correct Answer: Bobbins
Correct Answer Explanation: Bobbins, as described in the guide, are small, cylindrical objects that are used to hold and manage strands of hair during the braiding process.
The 1867 guide emphasizes that hair work is a highly valuable and sought-after skill. What factors contribute to this demand?
- Growing popularity of elaborate hairstyles
- Increasing demand for wigs and hair extensions
- Rise of the hair trade industry
- All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above
Correct Answer Explanation: The text highlights a burgeoning hair trade, with a growing demand for wigs, switches, and hair jewelry, reflecting a growing emphasis on personal style and beauty during this period. The skill of hair work was therefore highly valued and sought after.
What did Mark Campbell, the author of the guide, recommend for preparing hair for braiding?
- Washing, combing, and adjusting bobbins
- Cutting, shaping, and styling
- Drying, bleaching, and curling
- Dyeing, perming, and straightening
Correct Answer: Washing, combing, and adjusting bobbins
Correct Answer Explanation: The guide details the essential steps for preparing hair for braiding, including washing to remove impurities, combing to detangle and smooth the hair, and adjusting bobbins to securely hold the strands during the braiding process.
Which of these hair ornaments was a long, single piece of hair used to lengthen or add volume to hairstyles?
- Switch
- Curls
- Diadem
- Chignon
Correct Answer: Switch
Correct Answer Explanation: A switch, as defined in the guide, is a long, single piece of hair that could be used to lengthen or add volume to hairstyles, particularly for women who desired a fuller, more voluminous look.
What is the name for the hairstyle that involves gathering and tying hair at the back of the neck?
- Waterfall
- Bow
- Puffs
- Chignon
Correct Answer: Chignon
Correct Answer Explanation: A chignon, as described in the guide, is a hairstyle where hair is gathered and tied at the back of the neck. It can be styled in various ways, from simple and sleek to elaborate and adorned with hair ornaments.
Which of these historical figures is known for having worn wigs made from hair obtained from German slaves?
- Ancient Greek women
- Ancient Egyptian women
- Ancient Roman women
- Ancient Chinese women
Correct Answer: Ancient Roman women
Correct Answer Explanation: The guide mentions that Roman women, particularly those who shaved their heads, wore wigs made from hair obtained from German slaves, highlighting the use of wigs as a fashionable practice in ancient Rome.
According to the 1867 guide, what is the most important factor determining the value of human hair?
- Color
- Texture
- Length
- Origin
Correct Answer: Length
Correct Answer Explanation: The value of human hair, as discussed in the guide, is primarily determined by its length. Longer hair was more valuable and sought after, especially for making hair extensions and other hair ornaments.
What was a common hair powdering practice among both men and women in ancient times?
- Using powdered sugar
- Using powdered clay
- Using powdered flour
- Using powdered herbs
Correct Answer: Using powdered flour
Correct Answer Explanation: The guide mentions that hair powdering was a common practice in ancient times, with both men and women using powdered flour to style and enhance their hair.
What is the name for the form used to shape and secure braids while they are being boiled and dried?
- Weights
- Bobbins
- Molds
- Switches
Correct Answer: Molds
Correct Answer Explanation: The guide explains that molds, which are forms used to shape and secure braids while they are being boiled and dried, play a crucial role in creating specific braid shapes and patterns.
What was a common reason for sudden changes in hair color in the 19th century?
- Exposure to sunlight
- Exposure to certain metals
- Exposure to extreme temperatures
- None of the above
Correct Answer: Exposure to certain metals
Correct Answer Explanation: The guide mentions that individuals may experience sudden changes in hair color due to exposure to certain metals, such as copper, which can react with the hair pigments and lead to color changes.
The 1867 guide emphasizes the intricate techniques and artistry involved in braiding. What are some examples of these intricate braids?
- Chain braids
- Reverse braids
- Snake braids
- All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above
Correct Answer Explanation: The guide showcases the beauty and artistry of hair work, demonstrating the intricate patterns and designs created through braiding. This includes chain braids, reverse braids, and snake braids, which highlight the skill and creativity required in hair-work.
What is the name for the heavy objects used to balance the bobbins and draw the braid through the braiding table?
- Weights
- Bobbins
- Molds
- Switches
Correct Answer: Weights
Correct Answer Explanation: Weights, as described in the guide, are heavy objects used to balance the bobbins and draw the braid through the braiding table, ensuring that the braid is evenly and consistently formed.
What is the name for a hairstyle that features a chignon at the back, two braids placed as a diadem, and hair combed back from the temples?
- Promenade Head-Dress
- Soiree Head-Dress
- Bracelet Braid
- Acorn Braid
Correct Answer: Promenade Head-Dress
Correct Answer Explanation: The guide features the “Promenade Head-Dress” as a specific hairstyle, with a chignon at the back, two braids placed as a diadem, and hair combed back from the temples, showcasing a combination of classic and intricate elements.
What is the name for a braid made with alternating strands of white and black hair, creating a striking visual effect?
- Promenade Head-Dress
- Soiree Head-Dress
- Empress Tight Braid
- Scotch Plaid Braid
Correct Answer: Empress Tight Braid
Correct Answer Explanation: The guide highlights the “Empress Tight Braid” as a braid made with alternating strands of white and black hair, creating a visually striking and unique pattern.
In the 1867 guide, what is the main purpose of the hair trade, as described by Mark Campbell?
- To provide hair ornaments for the wealthy
- To create elaborate hairstyles for the elite
- To supply human hair for various hair goods and products
- To provide employment opportunities for hair workers
Correct Answer: To supply human hair for various hair goods and products
Correct Answer Explanation: The guide explains that the hair trade is driven by the demand for human hair, which is used to create a wide range of hair goods and products, such as switches, curls, wigs, and hair jewelry, highlighting the commercial aspect of the hair industry.
Which of these hair ornaments is described as being as durable as all-gold jewelry when gold-mounted?
- Switch
- Curls
- Diadem
- Hair Jewelry
Correct Answer: Hair Jewelry
Correct Answer Explanation: The guide emphasizes that hair jewelry, when properly gold-mounted, can be as durable as all-gold jewelry, highlighting the craftsmanship and potential longevity of these hair ornaments.
What is the name for a hairstyle that features curled hair at the back, a diadem plait, and hair combed back from the temples, twisted, and pinned under the curls?
- Promenade Head-Dress
- Soiree Head-Dress
- Bracelet Braid
- Acorn Braid
Correct Answer: Soiree Head-Dress
Correct Answer Explanation: The guide features the “Soiree Head-Dress” as a specific hairstyle, characterized by its elegant and intricate elements, with curled hair at the back, a diadem plait, and hair combed back from the temples, twisted, and pinned under the curls.
What was the main reason for the high demand for hair goods in the United States during the 1860s?
- Increasing popularity of elaborate hairstyles
- Growing emphasis on personal style and beauty
- Rise of the hair trade industry
- All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above
Correct Answer Explanation: The guide highlights the increasing demand for hair goods in the United States during the 1860s, driven by a combination of factors, including the increasing popularity of elaborate hairstyles, the growing emphasis on personal style and beauty, and the rise of the hair trade industry.
In the 1867 guide, what did Mark Campbell say about the origin of the hair used in the hair trade?
- It primarily came from Europe
- It primarily came from the Americas
- It primarily came from Asia
- It came from various regions around the world
Correct Answer: It came from various regions around the world
Correct Answer Explanation: The guide highlights that human hair for the hair trade came from various regions around the world, reflecting the global nature of this industry and the demand for hair from diverse sources.
What is the name for a braid designed to resemble an acorn, with a bottom section that covers the base and a top section that forms the bur?
- Promenade Head-Dress
- Soiree Head-Dress
- Bracelet Braid
- Acorn Braid
Correct Answer: Acorn Braid
Correct Answer Explanation: The guide features the “Acorn Braid” as a specific braid design, named for its resemblance to an acorn, with a bottom section that covers the base and a top section that forms the bur.
What is the name for a braid made from multiple small braids sewn together, then plaited or twisted to create a decorative band?
- Promenade Head-Dress
- Soiree Head-Dress
- Bracelet Braid
- Acorn Braid
Correct Answer: Bracelet Braid
Correct Answer Explanation: The guide features the “Bracelet Braid” as a specific braid design, made from multiple small braids sewn together, then plaited or twisted to create a decorative band, which can be worn as a bracelet or integrated into other hairstyles.
What is the name for a braid featuring a traditional plaid pattern, achieved by using strands of white, black, and red hair?
- Promenade Head-Dress
- Soiree Head-Dress
- Empress Tight Braid
- Scotch Plaid Braid
Correct Answer: Scotch Plaid Braid
Correct Answer Explanation: The guide features the “Scotch Plaid Braid” as a braid design that incorporates the traditional plaid pattern, achieved by using strands of white, black, and red hair, reflecting the popularity of plaid patterns in fashion and design.
What was the approximate amount of hair imported into the United States in the years 1859-1860?
- 15,000-20,000 pounds
- 150,000-200,000 pounds
- 1,500,000-2,000,000 pounds
- 15,000,000-20,000,000 pounds
Correct Answer: 150,000-200,000 pounds
Correct Answer Explanation: The guide notes that the United States imported a significant amount of human hair during the years 1859-1860, estimated to be between 150,000 and 200,000 pounds, highlighting the considerable demand for hair goods in the country.
How much did a half-pound of 70-inch hair cost in the 19th century?
- $50
- $100
- $200
- $400
Correct Answer: $400
Correct Answer Explanation: The guide reveals that extremely long and rare hair, such as a half-pound of 70-inch hair, could fetch a very high price, reaching $400, highlighting the value placed on exceptional hair quality.
How many British soldiers were estimated to use a pound of flour per week for hair powdering in the 18th century?
- 2,500
- 25,000
- 250,000
- 2,500,000
Correct Answer: 250,000
Correct Answer Explanation: The guide notes that a staggering number of British soldiers, estimated to be 250,000, used a pound of flour per week for hair powdering in the 18th century, showcasing the widespread use of hair powder during this period.
What did the guide say about the relationship between hair style and social status in ancient cultures?
- Hair style was unrelated to social status
- Hair style was a subtle indicator of social status
- Hair style was a clear and distinct marker of social status
- Hair style was a symbol of wealth and power
Correct Answer: Hair style was a clear and distinct marker of social status
Correct Answer Explanation: The guide suggests that different styles and lengths of hair were used to denote the social status and wealth of individuals in ancient cultures, highlighting the role of hair in social signaling and identity.
What did Mark Campbell say about the durability of human hair?
- It is easily damaged and fragile
- It is quite durable and can survive for centuries
- It is a relatively common material
- It is only durable when properly treated
Correct Answer: It is quite durable and can survive for centuries
Correct Answer Explanation: The guide emphasizes that due to its low water content and presence of manganese, iron, and calcium, human hair is incredibly durable and can survive for centuries, showcasing the potential longevity of hair artifacts.
What did Mark Campbell say about the possibility of hair continuing to grow after death?
- It is a common occurrence
- It is rare but possible
- It is a myth
- It is impossible
Correct Answer: It is rare but possible
Correct Answer Explanation: The guide acknowledges that there are documented cases of hair continuing to grow for a short period after death, suggesting that this phenomenon, though rare, is possible.
What is the main message conveyed by the 1867 guide, “Self-Instructor in the Art of Hair Work”?
- Hair work is a valuable and skilled profession
- Hair work is a fascinating and enduring art form
- Hair work is a reflection of social and cultural trends
- All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above
Correct Answer Explanation: The guide highlights the value and artistry of hair work, showcasing the intricate braiding techniques, hair-dressing styles, and the thriving trade in human hair. It reveals how this craft has endured throughout time, reflecting social and cultural trends and demonstrating the enduring appeal of human hair as a symbol of beauty, expression, and personal style.