1: What is the kingdom classification of the String of hearts plant?
A: Animalia
B: Plantae
C: Fungi
D: Protista
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The String of hearts belongs to the kingdom Plantae.
2: In which order are String of hearts plants classified?
A: Rosales
B: Gentianales
C: Solanales
D: Asterales
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: String of hearts plants fall under the order Gentianales.
3: String of hearts plants belong to which family?
A: Fabaceae
B: Apocynaceae
C: Poaceae
D: Rosaceae
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The String of hearts plants belong to the family Apocynaceae.
4: What is the subfamily classification for String of hearts plants?
A: Asclepiadoideae
B: Asteroideae
C: Carduoideae
D: Lamioideae
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: String of hearts plants are classified under the subfamily Asclepiadoideae.
5: Where are String of hearts plants native to?
A: North America and Europe
B: Africa, Southern Asia, and Australia
C: South America and Africa
D: Asia and North America
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The String of hearts plants are native to Africa, Southern Asia, and Australia.
6: Who first described the genus String of hearts?
A: Charles Darwin
B: Carl Linnaeus
C: Alphonse de Candolle
D: John Lindley
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Carl Linnaeus first described the String of hearts genus.
7: In what year did Carl Linnaeus name the species String of hearts candelabrum?
A: 1737
B: 1744
C: 1753
D: 1765
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Carl Linnaeus named this species in 1753.
8: According to later explanations, the name “String of hearts” derived from which Greek word?
A: κηροπηγɩον (keropegion)
B: φυτόν (phyton)
C: ἀνθός (anthos)
D: φως (phos)
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The name String of hearts was explained to come from the Greek word κηροπηγɩον, meaning candelabrum.
9: Which type of flowers do some String of hearts species have according to William Jackson Hooker?
A: Waxy umbels
B: Thorny blossoms
C: Soft petals
D: Hairy corollas
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: According to William Jackson Hooker, some String of hearts species have delicate, waxy umbels.
10: Which pollinator specifically gets trapped inside String of hearts flowers to aid in pollination?
A: Bees
B: Butterflies
C: Flies
D: Beetles
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Flies are often trapped inside the flowers to aid in pollination.
11: What role do kleptoparasitic flies play in the pollination of String of hearts dolichophylla?
A: They act as primary pollinators.
B: They carry pollen accidentally.
C: They are attracted by mimicking predatory arthropod pheromones.
D: They help to break open the flower buds.
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Kleptoparasitic flies are attracted by mimicking predatory arthropod pheromones.
12: String of hearts plants are commonly known by which of the following names?
A: Lantern flower
B: Moonflower
C: Jasmine vine
D: Rosevine
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: String of hearts plants are also commonly known as Lantern flower among other names.
13: How do people in Africa typically consume the roots and leaves of some String of hearts species?
A: Fried
B: Raw
C: Boiled
D: Pickled
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: In Africa, the roots and leaves of some String of hearts species are eaten raw.
14: What growth habit do most species of String of hearts exhibit?
A: Bushy
B: Vining or trailing
C: Erect
D: Tree-like
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Most species of String of hearts have vining or trailing growth habits.
15: Which part of the String of hearts plant swells to form tubers beneath the soil surface?
A: Leaves
B: Roots
C: Stems
D: Flowers
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The stems of some species swell to form tubers beneath the soil surface.
16: The corolla of String of hearts flowers typically has how many petals?
A: Three
B: Four
C: Five
D: Six
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The corolla of their flowers typically has five petals.
17: How would you describe the flowers of the String of hearts in terms of pollination?
A: Inconspicuous
B: Trapped-pollinator
C: Self-pollinating
D: Spore-reliant
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The flowers often form a structure that traps flies temporarily for pollination.
18: How many known species of String of hearts are there?
A: Less than 100
B: About 200
C: At least 420
D: More than 600
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: There are at least 420 known species of the String of hearts.
19: Which regions are String of hearts plants not typically found?
A: Southern Asia
B: North America
C: Madagascar
D: Australia
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: String of hearts plants are not typically found in North America.
20: What common decorative use is String of hearts known for?
A: Culinary uses
B: Ornamental plants
C: Medicine
D: Clothing dye
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: String of hearts species are often traded and kept as ornamental plants.
21: How did Carl Linnaeus originally describe the genus String of hearts?
A: Based on genetic studies
B: From drawings in Horti Malabarici
C: Descriptions by other botanists
D: Own research in field expeditions
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Linnaeus referred to a description and picture of a plant in Horti Malabarici in creating the genus.
22: What alternate etymological explanation did William Jackson Hooker suggest for the name?
A: Based on leaf shape
B: From κηρός (wax) and πηγή (fountain)
C: Descriptive of root texture
D: Derived from local names
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Hooker suggested κηρός (wax) and πηγή (fountain) as alternate etymological bases.
23: String of hearts flowers achieves pollination through what method?
A: Wind dispersal
B: Self-pollination
C: Flies getting trapped
D: Birds feeding on nectar
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Flies getting trapped in the flowers accomplishes the pollination.
24: What characteristic do String of hearts leaves exhibit in certain succulent species?
A: Glossy and smooth
B: Thick and fleshy
C: Hairy and thin
D: Fragile and dry
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The leaves are thick and fleshy in some succulent species.
25: In which botanical journal did William Jackson Hooker provide an alternative etymology?
A: The Gardeners’ Chronicle
B: Curtis’s Botanical Magazine
C: Journal of Botany
D: Annals of Botany
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Hooker gave an alternative etymology explanation in Curtis’s Botanical Magazine.
26: The genus String of hearts belongs to which tribe?
A: Heliantheae
B: Ceropegieae
C: Brassiceae
D: Phaseoleae
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The String of hearts belongs to the tribe Ceropegieae.
27: What shape do String of hearts flower petals often form?
A: Round cups
B: Long spikes
C: Umbrella-like canopy
D: Star shapes
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The flower petals often form an umbrella-like canopy.
28: Which plant organ may swell to form tubers in the String of hearts?
A: Leaves
B: Flowers
C: Stems
D: Seeds
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The stems swell into tubers in certain species.
29: The scientific name “String of hearts woodii” refers to what feature of the plant?
A: Its tuberous nodes
B: Its blue flowers
C: Its woody stems
D: Its climbing nature
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: String of hearts woodii is named for the tuberous nodes.
30: Which type of pollinators can String of hearts attract?
A: Only one family of insects
B: Multiple families of flies
C: Mostly bees
D: Birds and bats
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: String of hearts species can attract multiple families of flies.
31: What is the growth habit of some String of hearts species from the Canary Islands?
A: Climbing
B: Erect
C: Spreading
D: Underground
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Some species from the Canary Islands have an erect growth habit.
32: What is another name for String of hearts plants in Africa?
A: Wine-glass vine
B: Rose vine
C: Snake creeper
D: Lantern flower
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Among their common names, String of hearts is also called lantern flower.
33: Which parts of the String of hearts are sometimes consumed in India?
A: Tubers
B: Flowers
C: Seeds
D: Edward leaves
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: In India, the tubers are eaten raw or stewed in curries.
34: When did Hooker describe the peculiar shape of the String of hearts flowers in Curtis’s Botanical Magazine?
A: 1820
B: 1830
C: 1840
D: 1850
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Hooker described the peculiar flower shape in Curtis’s Botanical Magazine in 1830.
35: Which of these is not a common name for String of hearts?
A: Parasol flower
B: Jasmine vine
C: Rosary vine
D: Bushman’s pipe
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Jasmine vine is not a common name used for String of hearts.
36: Where on the plant can you typically find tubers in species like String of hearts woodii?
A: In the bark
B: Above ground stems
C: Below the soil surface
D: In the flowers
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The tubers of String of hearts woodii are formed below the soil surface.
37: What specialized characteristic do some String of hearts species use to attract flies?
A: Brightly colored petals
B: Mimicking pheromones
C: Sweet nectar
D: Elaborate leaf patterns
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Some species attract flies by mimicking predatory arthropod pheromones.
38: The petals of String of hearts flowers are usually fused at which part?
A: Base
B: Middle
C: Tip
D: Side edges
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The petals are fused at the tips forming structures like umbrellas or appendage-like antennae.
39: How are String of hearts plants often used in horticulture?
A: Medicinal herbs
B: Shade plants
C: Decorative houseplants
D: Soil enhancers
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: They are valued as decorative houseplants.
40: Which part of certain species of String of hearts is consumed in India?
A: Roots and leaves
B: Tubers
C: Bark
D: Flower buds
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The tubers in India are eaten raw or stewed in curries.
41: To which subfamily does the String of hearts plant belong, often referred to as milkweeds?
A: Asteroideae
B: Lamiaceae
C: Asclepiadoideae
D: Chenopodioideae
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The subfamily Asclepiadoideae, which String of hearts belongs to, is often known as milkweeds.
42: What is the primary pollination strategy for String of hearts plants?
A: Cross-pollination
B: Trap-based fly pollination
C: Wind dispersal
D: Water carrying
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: String of hearts plants primarily use trap-based fly pollination.
43: What feature often characterizes the flowers of certain String of hearts species like String of hearts dolichophylla?
A: Fragrant aroma
B: Inflated and fused flower structure
C: Bright colors
D: Day-blooming habit
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Flowers often have an inflated and fused structure, useful in pollination.
44: How many genera form the generic complex related to taxonomic problems involving String of hearts?
A: Two
B: Three
C: Four
D: Five
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: A complex is formed by three genera: String of hearts, Brachystelma, and Riocreuxia.
45: Which food item is formed by the tubers of String of hearts plants and consumed raw or stewed in some places?
A: Jam
B: Stew
C: Tubers
D: Salad
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: Tubers are consumed raw or stewed.
46: What common name is String of hearts plants known by in Australia?
A: Lantern flower
B: Lantern vine
C: Rosary vine
D: Necklace vine
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: One of the common names for String of hearts in Australia is necklace vine.
47: What do the tubular flowers of String of hearts resemble?
A: Lanterns
B: Leaves
C: Bells
D: Mallets
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The tubular flowers resemble lanterns or umbrellas.
48: How does String of hearts dolichophylla attract flies for pollination?
A: By releasing hitrusa flowers
B: Mimicking insect distress pheromones
C: Showy flowers
D: Colored leaves
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: It mimics insect distress pheromones to attract flies.
49: On which region of the earth are no String of hearts plants naturally found?
A: Antarctica
B: Australia
C: Africa
D: Asia
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: String of hearts plants are not native to Antarctica.
50: How many petals are typically fused in the corolla of String of hearts flowers?
A: Three
B: Four
C: Five
D: Seven
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: The petals are typically five in the corolla of their flowers.
51: What is a common diet item for certain people in Africa derived from String of hearts plants?
A: Flowers cooked as food
B: Roots and leaves eaten raw
C: Leaves boiled
D: Seeds grounded into flour
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Roots and leaves of certain species are eaten raw.
52: Where can the genus String of hearts typically be found outside Africa and southern Asia?
A: Europe
B: Australia
C: South America
D: North America
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: They are also native to Australia.
53: What is the general appearance of the leaves in succulent species of String of hearts?
A: Thick and fleshy
B: Needle-like
C: Dry and brittle
D: Long and thin
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: The leaves are thick and fleshy in succulent species.
54: How many points are String of hearts flower petals usually fused at?
A: One
B: Two
C: Three
D: Several
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: The petals are often fused at several points.
55: In the general classification, what distinguishes String of hearts from other plants in the Apocynaceae family?
A: Shape of leaves
B: Specialized pollination mechanism
C: Type of fruit
D: Color of flowers
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: The specialized pollination mechanism helps distinguish it within the family.
56: What common name comes from the folklore-based names of String of hearts?
A: Bushman’s pipe
B: Angel trumpet
C: Devil’s claw
D: Ghost vine
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: Bushman’s pipe is among the folklore-based names.
57: What method of pollination involves flies in the genus String of hearts?
A: Promoter insect activity
B: Temporary trapping
C: Cross-pollination between close plants
D: Wind-borne pollination
Correct Answer: B
Explanation: Flies are temporarily trapped within the flowers accomplishing pollination.
58: In botanical taxonomy, what item continues to be discovered for this plant genus?
A: New varieties of leaves
B: Additional flower types
C: More species
D: Unique root structures
Correct Answer: C
Explanation: More species continue to be described regularly within the genus.
59: Which of these is not a characteristic of String of hearts plants?
A: Erect growth habit in some species from the Canary Islands
B: Stems that swell and form tubers in certain species
C: Leaves that can be rudimentary or absent
D: Producing large edible fruits
Correct Answer: D
Explanation: Producing large edible fruits is not a characteristic of String of hearts.
60: How does the genus String of hearts compare taxonomically with Brachystelma and Riocreuxia?
A: Forms a taxonomic complex with both
B: Shares no similarities
C: Falls into a different subfamily
D: Is scientifically proven to be less complex
Correct Answer: A
Explanation: It forms a taxonomic complex with Brachystelma and Riocreuxia with many interesting problems.