Did you know that wool fibers have a unique feature that makes them perfect for felting? What is it?
- The fibers are very long and thin
- The fibers have a lot of twist
- The fibers are covered in tiny scales that interlock
- The fibers are very strong
Correct Answer: The fibers are covered in tiny scales that interlock
Correct Answer Explanation: The serrations or scales on wool fibers allow them to interlock when they are agitated with water and heat, creating the felting property.
In the early 1900s, the textile industry was rapidly evolving. What major development had a huge impact on textile production?
- The invention of the spinning wheel
- The invention of the steam engine
- The invention of the sewing machine
- The invention of the printing press
Correct Answer: The invention of the steam engine
Correct Answer Explanation: The steam engine revolutionized textile production by powering machinery, increasing production speed and efficiency, and leading to the rise of the factory system.
Silk is a luxurious fiber known for its beauty and shine. How is raw silk produced from cocoons?
- The cocoons are spun into yarn
- The cocoons are woven into fabric
- The cocoons are soaked in hot water to soften the silk
- The cocoons are dyed to create different colors
Correct Answer: The cocoons are soaked in hot water to soften the silk
Correct Answer Explanation: Raw silk is reeled from cocoons after being softened in hot water. This process separates the silk threads from the cocoon and makes them easier to reel.
What is the difference between worsted and woolen yarns?
- Worsted yarn is made from wool fibers that have been combed, while woolen yarn is made from wool fibers that have been carded.
- Worsted yarn is more durable than woolen yarn
- Worsted yarn is more expensive than woolen yarn
- Worsted yarn is made from silk fibers
Correct Answer: Worsted yarn is made from wool fibers that have been combed, while woolen yarn is made from wool fibers that have been carded.
Correct Answer Explanation: Worsted yarn is made from long wool fibers that have been combed to align them, resulting in a smooth, strong, and even yarn. Woolen yarn, on the other hand, is made from shorter wool fibers that have been carded, resulting in a softer, more textured, and less durable yarn.
Cotton is a key textile fiber that has played a major role in the history of textiles. What is a characteristic that sets cotton apart from other fibers?
- Its smooth surface
- Its long and thin fibers
- Its natural brown color
- Its natural twist
Correct Answer: Its natural twist
Correct Answer Explanation: The twist in cotton fibers is a characteristic that distinguishes it from other fibers. This twist gives cotton its strength and makes it suitable for spinning into yarn.
In the early 1900s, textile adulteration was a common practice. What did this involve?
- Mixing different fibers to create new fabrics
- Adding chemicals to make fabrics more durable
- Adding dyes to make fabrics more colorful
- Adding cheaper fibers to wool fabrics to reduce costs
Correct Answer: Adding cheaper fibers to wool fabrics to reduce costs
Correct Answer Explanation: Textile adulteration in the early 1900s often involved adding cheaper fibers, like cotton or shoddy (remanufactured wool), to wool fabrics to reduce costs. This practice could deceive consumers who were paying for high-quality wool products.
What is the difference between warp and weft threads in a woven fabric?
- Warp threads are the lengthwise threads, and weft threads are the crosswise threads.
- Warp threads are stronger than weft threads
- Warp threads are more visible than weft threads
- Warp threads are used for the selvage, and weft threads are used for the body of the fabric
Correct Answer: Warp threads are the lengthwise threads, and weft threads are the crosswise threads.
Correct Answer Explanation: The warp threads are the lengthwise threads that run the length of the fabric, while the weft threads are the crosswise threads that run across the width of the fabric. These threads are interlaced on a loom to create the fabric’s structure.
How does a Jacquard loom create intricate patterns in fabrics?
- It uses a system of punch cards to control the warp threads
- It uses a system of needles to create loops in the fabric
- It uses a system of dyes to create patterns on the fabric
- It uses a system of weights to create different textures in the fabric
Correct Answer: It uses a system of punch cards to control the warp threads
Correct Answer Explanation: A Jacquard loom uses a system of punch cards to control the warp threads, allowing for the creation of intricate and complex patterns in fabrics. The punch cards have holes that correspond to the desired pattern, and the loom uses these holes to raise and lower the warp threads, creating the desired pattern.
What is the term for the process of shrinking and thickening woolen fabrics by compressing the fibers with moisture and heat?
- Bleaching
- Fulling
- Crabbing
- Tentering
Correct Answer: Fulling
Correct Answer Explanation: Fulling is a traditional process used to shrink and thicken woolen fabrics by compressing the fibers with moisture and heat. This process makes the fabric denser and more durable, giving it a felted appearance.
What is the name for the greasy and sweaty secretions of a sheep that coat the fleece?
- Wool
- Top
- Fleece
- Yolk
Correct Answer: Yolk
Correct Answer Explanation: Yolk is the natural grease and sweat that coats a sheep’s fleece. It helps protect the wool from the elements and gives it a natural shine. Yolk is removed during the scouring process, which cleanses the wool before it is spun into yarn.
What is the name for the process of straightening and leveling fabric?
- Bleaching
- Fulling
- Crabbing
- Tentering
Correct Answer: Tentering
Correct Answer Explanation: Tentering is a process used to straighten and level fabric after it has been woven. The fabric is stretched and held taut in a frame, which allows it to dry evenly and prevent shrinkage or distortion.
What is the name for the process of raising a fuzzy surface on fabric for warmth or appearance?
- Bleaching
- Fulling
- Crabbing
- Napping
Correct Answer: Napping
Correct Answer Explanation: Napping is a process used to create a soft, fuzzy surface on fabric, like flannel. It involves brushing the fabric with a rotating cylinder of wire bristles, which raises the fibers to create a pile.
What is the name for the short fibers removed from wool during combing?
- Noils
- Shoddy
- Mungo
- Top
Correct Answer: Noils
Correct Answer Explanation: Noils are the short, tangled fibers that are removed from wool during the combing process. They are not as long or strong as the longer fibers used to make worsted yarn, but they can be used to make woolen yarn or other textile products.
Which fiber was the most important vegetable fiber used in spinning in the early 1900s?
- Hemp
- Flax
- Cotton
- Jute
Correct Answer: Cotton
Correct Answer Explanation: Cotton was the most important vegetable fiber used in spinning in the early 1900s. It was widely used to make clothing, household textiles, and other products.
What is the name for the process of soaking flax or hemp stalks in water to soften the woody matter and release the fibers?
- Retting
- Throwing
- Spinning
- Weaving
Correct Answer: Retting
Correct Answer Explanation: Retting is a process used to separate the fibers from the woody stalks of flax or hemp. The stalks are soaked in water for several days or weeks, which allows bacteria to break down the woody matter and release the fibers.
What is the name for the continuous strand of fibers after carding or combing?
- Noils
- Sliver
- Roving
- Top
Correct Answer: Sliver
Correct Answer Explanation: A sliver is a continuous strand of fibers that is produced after carding or combing. It is a loose, untwisted strand of fibers that is ready to be spun into yarn.
What is the name for the slightly twisted sliver, ready for spinning?
- Noils
- Sliver
- Roving
- Top
Correct Answer: Roving
Correct Answer Explanation: Roving is a slightly twisted sliver that is ready for spinning. It is more compact and uniform than a sliver, and it is easier to spin into yarn.
What is the name for the long fibers of wool after combing?
- Noils
- Shoddy
- Mungo
- Top
Correct Answer: Top
Correct Answer Explanation: Top is the name for the long fibers of wool after combing. These fibers are long, strong, and free from short fibers and tangles, making them ideal for making worsted yarn.
What is the name for the process of twisting and combining raw silk threads into different types of yarn?
- Retting
- Throwing
- Spinning
- Weaving
Correct Answer: Throwing
Correct Answer Explanation: Throwing is the process of twisting and combining raw silk threads into different types of yarn. This process gives the silk yarn its strength and allows for the creation of different types of silk yarns, such as tram and organzine.
What is the name for a loosely twisted silk yarn used for filling?
- Tram
- Organzine
- Floss
- Spun silk
Correct Answer: Tram
Correct Answer Explanation: Tram is a loosely twisted silk yarn that is used for filling in woven fabrics. It is softer and less durable than organzine, which is used for warp.
What is the name for a strongly twisted silk yarn used for warp?
- Tram
- Organzine
- Floss
- Spun silk
Correct Answer: Organzine
Correct Answer Explanation: Organzine is a strongly twisted silk yarn that is used for warp in woven fabrics. It is stronger and more durable than tram, which is used for filling.
What is the name for the loose, tangled fibers found on the outside of a silk cocoon?
- Tram
- Organzine
- Floss
- Spun silk
Correct Answer: Floss
Correct Answer Explanation: Floss is the name for the loose, tangled fibers found on the outside of a silk cocoon. It is not as strong or valuable as the silk reeled from the cocoon, but it can be spun into yarn or used for other textile products.
What is the name for silk yarn made by spinning waste silk fibers?
- Tram
- Organzine
- Floss
- Spun silk
Correct Answer: Spun silk
Correct Answer Explanation: Spun silk is a type of silk yarn that is made by spinning waste silk fibers, such as floss and cocoons that have been damaged or discarded. It is less expensive than reeled silk, but it is still a valuable and luxurious fiber.
What is the name for a substance that helps to bind dyes to fibers?
- Mordant
- Sizing
- Tentering
- Napping
Correct Answer: Mordant
Correct Answer Explanation: A mordant is a substance that helps to bind dyes to fibers, making the dye more permanent and less likely to fade. Mordants can be made from various materials, such as metal salts, tannins, or acids.
What is the name for the process of stiffening warp yarns with starch or other substances to make them stronger?
- Mordant
- Sizing
- Tentering
- Napping
Correct Answer: Sizing
Correct Answer Explanation: Sizing is a process used to stiffen warp yarns with starch or other substances to make them stronger and more resistant to abrasion. Sizing also helps to improve the weave of the fabric and prevent it from snagging.
What is the name for the process of setting a fabric to a specific width by steaming it?
- Bleaching
- Fulling
- Crabbing
- Tentering
Correct Answer: Crabbing
Correct Answer Explanation: Crabbing is a process used to set a fabric to a specific width by steaming it. This process is often used for woolen fabrics, as it helps to prevent them from shrinking or stretching out of shape.
What is the name for the process of removing the natural color of fibers or fabrics?
- Mordant
- Sizing
- Tentering
- Bleaching
Correct Answer: Bleaching
Correct Answer Explanation: Bleaching is a process used to remove the natural color of fibers or fabrics, making them white or lighter in color. Bleaching agents can be used to bleach cotton, linen, silk, and wool.
What is the name for the process of removing the wool from a sheep?
- Shearing
- Sorting
- Spinning
- Weaving
Correct Answer: Shearing
Correct Answer Explanation: Shearing is the process of removing the wool from a sheep. This is done with specialized shears or clippers, and it is a regular part of sheep farming.
What is the name for the wool covering of a sheep?
- Noils
- Shoddy
- Mungo
- Fleece
Correct Answer: Fleece
Correct Answer Explanation: Fleece is the name for the wool covering of a sheep. It is made up of individual fibers that are interlocked and held together by a natural grease called yolk.
What is the name for the system of measuring yarn size based on the number of yards per pound?
- Counts
- Mordant
- Sizing
- Tentering
Correct Answer: Counts
Correct Answer Explanation: The count of a yarn is a measure of its size, based on the number of yards per pound. A higher count indicates a finer yarn, while a lower count indicates a coarser yarn.
What is the name for the comb-like device on a loom that separates and holds the warp threads?
- Shuttle
- Reed
- Heddle
- Warp beam
Correct Answer: Reed
Correct Answer Explanation: The reed is a comb-like device on a loom that separates and holds the warp threads. It helps to create a uniform shed (the opening between the warp threads) and ensures that the weft thread is inserted evenly through the warp.
What is the name for the device that carries the filling yarn across the warp?
- Shuttle
- Reed
- Heddle
- Warp beam
Correct Answer: Shuttle
Correct Answer Explanation: The shuttle is a device that carries the filling yarn across the warp. It is a small, bobbin-shaped device that is threaded with the filling yarn and is thrown back and forth across the warp threads.
What is the name for the opening created in the warp threads by raising and lowering the heddles on a loom?
- Shuttle
- Reed
- Shed
- Warp beam
Correct Answer: Shed
Correct Answer Explanation: The shed is the opening created in the warp threads by raising and lowering the heddles on a loom. The shed allows the shuttle to pass through the warp threads and insert the filling yarn.
What is the name for the device that holds the warp yarn on a loom?
- Shuttle
- Reed
- Heddle
- Warp beam
Correct Answer: Warp beam
Correct Answer Explanation: The warp beam is a large spool that holds the warp yarn on a loom. It is wound with the warp yarn, which is then passed through the heddles and reed to create the fabric.
What is the name for the process of remanufacturing wool obtained from old woolen fabrics?
- Noils
- Shoddy
- Mungo
- Top
Correct Answer: Shoddy
Correct Answer Explanation: Shoddy is the name for remanufactured wool obtained from old woolen fabrics. The fabrics are shredded and the fibers are blended to create a new yarn. Shoddy is often used in less expensive textile products, as it is less durable than virgin wool.
What is the name for the process of remanufacturing wool obtained from hard or milled woolen fabrics?
- Noils
- Shoddy
- Mungo
- Top
Correct Answer: Mungo
Correct Answer Explanation: Mungo is the name for remanufactured wool obtained from hard or milled woolen fabrics. These fabrics are usually felted and have been subjected to a lot of wear and tear, so the fibers are shorter and more damaged than shoddy. Mungo is often used in less expensive textile products, as it is less durable than shoddy.
What is the name for the type of weaving technique where the weft threads interlace over and under two warp threads at a time?
- Plain weave
- Twill weave
- Satin weave
- Pile weave
Correct Answer: Twill weave
Correct Answer Explanation: Twill weave is a type of weaving technique where the weft threads interlace over and under two warp threads at a time. This creates a diagonal pattern in the fabric, which is often seen in fabrics like denim and serge.
What is the name for the type of weaving technique where the weft threads float over a number of warp threads before interlacing with one?
- Plain weave
- Twill weave
- Satin weave
- Pile weave
Correct Answer: Satin weave
Correct Answer Explanation: Satin weave is a type of weaving technique where the weft threads float over a number of warp threads before interlacing with one. This creates a smooth, lustrous surface with a subtle sheen.
What is the name for the type of weaving technique where loops of yarn are raised from the surface of the fabric?
- Plain weave
- Twill weave
- Satin weave
- Pile weave
Correct Answer: Pile weave
Correct Answer Explanation: Pile weave is a type of weaving technique where loops of yarn are raised from the surface of the fabric. This creates a soft, plush surface, as seen in fabrics like velvet and corduroy.
What is the name for the type of weaving technique where the warp and weft threads interlace in a simple, alternating pattern?
- Plain weave
- Twill weave
- Satin weave
- Pile weave
Correct Answer: Plain weave
Correct Answer Explanation: Plain weave is the simplest type of weaving technique, where the warp and weft threads interlace in a simple, alternating pattern. This creates a basic fabric, such as cotton muslin, with a smooth, even surface.
What is the name for the type of lace that is made by hand using a needle?
- Bobbin lace
- Needle lace
- Pillow lace
- Chemical lace
Correct Answer: Needle lace
Correct Answer Explanation: Needle lace is a type of lace that is made by hand using a needle. It is a very delicate and time-consuming process, and it is often used to create intricate designs.
What is the name for the type of lace that is made using bobbins?
- Bobbin lace
- Needle lace
- Pillow lace
- Chemical lace
Correct Answer: Bobbin lace
Correct Answer Explanation: Bobbin lace is a type of lace that is made using bobbins, which are small spools that hold the thread. The bobbins are moved around a pillow to create the lace pattern.
What is the name for the type of lace that is made using a pillow?
- Bobbin lace
- Needle lace
- Pillow lace
- Chemical lace
Correct Answer: Pillow lace
Correct Answer Explanation: Pillow lace is a type of lace that is made using a pillow. The bobbins are attached to the pillow and are moved around to create the lace pattern.
What is the name for the type of silk that is produced by wild silkworms?
- Cultivated silk
- Wild silk
- Spun silk
- Artificial silk
Correct Answer: Wild silk
Correct Answer Explanation: Wild silk is the name for the type of silk that is produced by wild silkworms. It is often called tussah or tussur silk, and it is known for its rougher texture and earthy color.
What is the name for the type of silk that is produced by cultivated silkworms?
- Cultivated silk
- Wild silk
- Spun silk
- Artificial silk
Correct Answer: Cultivated silk
Correct Answer Explanation: Cultivated silk is the name for the type of silk that is produced by cultivated silkworms. This silk is often called mulberry silk, and it is known for its smooth texture and lustrous sheen.
What is the name for the type of silk that is made by spinning waste silk fibers?
- Cultivated silk
- Wild silk
- Spun silk
- Artificial silk
Correct Answer: Spun silk
Correct Answer Explanation: Spun silk is the name for the type of silk that is made by spinning waste silk fibers, such as floss and cocoons that have been damaged or discarded. It is less expensive than reeled silk, but it is still a valuable and luxurious fiber.
What is the name for the type of silk that is made from cellulose-based fibers?
- Cultivated silk
- Wild silk
- Spun silk
- Artificial silk
Correct Answer: Artificial silk
Correct Answer Explanation: Artificial silk is the name for the type of silk that is made from cellulose-based fibers, such as wood pulp or cotton fibers. It is often called rayon, and it is less expensive and more durable than natural silk.
What is the name for the type of textile that is made from flax fibers?
- Linen
- Cotton
- Wool
- Silk
Correct Answer: Linen
Correct Answer Explanation: Linen is a type of textile that is made from flax fibers. It is known for its strength, durability, and breathability.
What is the name for the type of textile that is made from cotton fibers?
- Linen
- Cotton
- Wool
- Silk
Correct Answer: Cotton
Correct Answer Explanation: Cotton is a type of textile that is made from cotton fibers. It is known for its softness, absorbency, and versatility.
What is the name for the type of textile that is made from wool fibers?
- Linen
- Cotton
- Wool
- Silk
Correct Answer: Wool
Correct Answer Explanation: Wool is a type of textile that is made from wool fibers. It is known for its warmth, softness, and durability.
What is the name for the type of textile that is made from silk fibers?
- Linen
- Cotton
- Wool
- Silk
Correct Answer: Silk
Correct Answer Explanation: Silk is a type of textile that is made from silk fibers. It is known for its luxurious feel, lustrous sheen, and strength.
What is the name for the process of treating wool with heat and moisture to make it shrink and felt?
- Fulling
- Scouring
- Carding
- Combing
Correct Answer: Fulling
Correct Answer Explanation: Fulling is the process of treating wool with heat and moisture to make it shrink and felt. This process is used to create fabrics like felt and broadcloth.
What is the name for the process of cleaning wool to remove dirt, grease, and yolk?
- Fulling
- Scouring
- Carding
- Combing
Correct Answer: Scouring
Correct Answer Explanation: Scouring is the process of cleaning wool to remove dirt, grease, and yolk. This is done by washing the wool in a solution of soap and water.
What is the name for the process of aligning and straightening wool fibers?
- Fulling
- Scouring
- Carding
- Combing
Correct Answer: Combing
Correct Answer Explanation: Combing is the process of aligning and straightening wool fibers. This is done by passing the wool through a series of combs, which removes short fibers and tangles.
What is the name for the process of loosely arranging wool fibers into a web?
- Fulling
- Scouring
- Carding
- Combing
Correct Answer: Carding
Correct Answer Explanation: Carding is the process of loosely arranging wool fibers into a web. This is done by passing the wool through a series of revolving cylinders covered with wire teeth.