Which country was the primary producer of jute in 1921?
- China
- India
- Bangladesh
- Pakistan
Correct Answer: India
Correct Answer Explanation: India was the dominant producer of jute in 1921, with Bengal being a key region for jute cultivation. This was due to the region’s ideal climate and soil conditions, particularly the alluvial soil rich in nutrients carried by rivers like the Ganges and Brahmaputra.
Which of these two varieties of jute is best suited for lower-lying alluvial soils?
- Corchorus Capsularis
- Corchorus Olitorius
- Both are equal
- Neither
Correct Answer: Corchorus Olitorius
Correct Answer Explanation: The Corchorus Olitorius variety of jute is better adapted to the rich, moist conditions of lower-lying alluvial soils, making it a preferred choice for cultivation in regions like Bengal.
What is the name of the process that separates the jute fiber from the stem?
- Spinning
- Weaving
- Retting
- Batching
Correct Answer: Retting
Correct Answer Explanation: Retting is a crucial step in jute processing, where the jute stalks are submerged in water for several days to soften the fibers and allow them to be easily separated from the stem. This process is similar to the retting of flax and hemp.
During World War I, jute played a vital role in the war effort. What was it primarily used for?
- Making uniforms
- Building ships
- Making sandbags
- Manufacturing weapons
Correct Answer: Making sandbags
Correct Answer Explanation: Jute was used extensively in the production of sandbags during World War I. Its strong and durable fibers made it ideal for this purpose, helping to protect soldiers and fortifications from enemy fire.
Before World War I, how much jute did India consume annually?
- Approximately 10,000 tons
- Approximately 100,000 tons
- Approximately 1,000,000 tons
- Approximately 10,000,000 tons
Correct Answer: Approximately 1,000,000 tons
Correct Answer Explanation: India’s consumption of jute before World War I was significant, reaching around 1 million tons annually. This demonstrates the widespread use of jute in various sectors like packaging, textiles, and agriculture.
What is the name of the machine used to combine and lubricate jute fibers before spinning?
- Spinning frame
- Roving frame
- Carding machine
- Batching machine
Correct Answer: Batching machine
Correct Answer Explanation: Batching is a crucial step in preparing jute fibers for spinning. A batching machine mixes and lubricates the fibers, ensuring uniformity in the yarn produced. This process helps to create a smoother, more consistent thread.
Which of these is NOT a type of jute fabric?
- Hessian
- Linen
- Bagging
- Tarpaulin
Correct Answer: Linen
Correct Answer Explanation: While jute, linen, and hemp are all natural fibers, linen is derived from flax, not jute. Hessian, bagging, and tarpaulin are all common types of fabrics made from jute.
What was the primary reason for the initial difficulties in establishing a mechanized jute industry in India?
- Lack of skilled labor
- Lack of capital
- Unorganized nature of hand labor
- Low demand for jute products
Correct Answer: Unorganized nature of hand labor
Correct Answer Explanation: The traditional jute industry in India relied heavily on hand labor, which was often unorganized and difficult to integrate into a factory setting. This made it challenging to establish efficient mechanized processes.
Dundee, Scotland, played a crucial role in the development of the jute industry. What was Dundee known for before jute became popular?
- Leatherworking
- Shipbuilding
- Textile production using flax and hemp
- Coal mining
Correct Answer: Textile production using flax and hemp
Correct Answer Explanation: Dundee had a long history as a textile center, particularly for flax and hemp, before jute gained prominence. The existing infrastructure and skills in textile production made it a natural fit for the emerging jute industry.
What is the approximate weight of a standard bale of jute?
- 50 lbs.
- 100 lbs.
- 200 lbs.
- 400 lbs.
Correct Answer: 400 lbs.
Correct Answer Explanation: A standard bale of jute, commonly used in the industry, weighs around 400 lbs. This weight is important for efficient handling and transport of the raw material.
How many bales of jute can two hydraulic presses produce in one hour?
- 20
- 60
- 100
- 130
Correct Answer: 130
Correct Answer Explanation: Two hydraulic presses, working in tandem, can produce an impressive 130 bales of jute per hour. This highlights the efficiency of mechanized processes in the jute industry.
What is the process of drawing out the jute fibers to create a thinner yarn called?
- Spinning
- Drafting
- Roving
- Batching
Correct Answer: Drafting
Correct Answer Explanation: Drafting is a crucial step in jute processing, where the fibers are attenuated or drawn out to create a thinner yarn. This process involves multiple stages using drafting frames.
What is the name for the lengthwise threads in a woven fabric?
- Weft
- Warp
- Fill
- Sliver
Correct Answer: Warp
Correct Answer Explanation: The warp threads run lengthwise in a woven fabric, providing the structural foundation for the weave. They are typically wound on large beams called warp beams.
Which of these is NOT a common use of jute fabric?
- Making bags
- Making carpets
- Making clothing
- Making tarpaulins
Correct Answer: Making clothing
Correct Answer Explanation: While jute is a versatile fiber, it’s not typically used for making clothing due to its coarse texture and tendency to wrinkle. It’s more commonly found in applications like bags, carpets, and tarpaulins.
What is the name of the machine used to flatten and press jute fabric?
- Mangle
- Calender
- Carding machine
- Roving frame
Correct Answer: Calender
Correct Answer Explanation: A calender is a specialized machine used to press and smooth jute fabric, giving it a finished appearance. It helps to create a more uniform and polished surface.
What is the name of the process of doubling and folding jute fabric to create a finished appearance?
- Calendering
- Mangling
- Crisping
- Retting
Correct Answer: Crisping
Correct Answer Explanation: Crisping is a finishing process that enhances the appearance of jute fabric. It involves doubling and folding the fabric to create a more defined and textured look.
What was the approximate weight of a typical jute roll in 1921?
- 1-2 lbs.
- 3-4 lbs.
- 5-6 lbs.
- 7-8 lbs.
Correct Answer: 7-8 lbs.
Correct Answer Explanation: A common jute roll in 1921 weighed around 7-8 lbs., making it a manageable size for handling and use in various applications.
What was the typical length of a jute cop?
- 5 inches
- 7 inches
- 10 inches
- 15 inches
Correct Answer: 10 inches
Correct Answer Explanation: A jute cop, which holds the weft yarn, was typically 10 inches long in 1921. This shape and size were essential for efficient weaving on looms.
What is the approximate weight of a cop of jute weft yarn?
- 1-2 ounces
- 4-8 ounces
- 10-16 ounces
- 20-30 ounces
Correct Answer: 4-8 ounces
Correct Answer Explanation: A jute cop of weft yarn, used for weaving across the warp threads, would typically weigh between 4 and 8 ounces. This weight allowed for a manageable amount of yarn to be fed into the loom during weaving.
The first small consignment of jute fiber arrived in Dundee in which year?
- 1812
- 1822
- 1832
- 1842
Correct Answer: 1822
Correct Answer Explanation: The arrival of the first small consignment of jute fiber in Dundee in 1822 marked the beginning of the jute industry’s journey in Britain. This shipment was crucial for introducing the fiber to British manufacturers and exploring its potential.
What was the approximate weight of a standard spinning bobbin in 1921?
- 1 lb.
- 2 lbs.
- 3 lbs.
- 4 lbs.
Correct Answer: 2 lbs.
Correct Answer Explanation: A standard spinning bobbin, used to hold the spun yarn, had a capacity of about 2 lbs. This allowed for a reasonable amount of yarn to be spun and stored for subsequent use in weaving.
How many spinning bobbins could a warping mill typically hold?
- 10-20
- 20-30
- 50-72
- 100-120
Correct Answer: 50-72
Correct Answer Explanation: A warping mill, used to prepare the warp threads for weaving, could accommodate 50-72 spinning bobbins. This allowed for a large number of warp threads to be prepared simultaneously, increasing efficiency.
What is the name of the machine used to wind yarn onto spools for weaving?
- Drafting frame
- Roving frame
- Linking machine
- Spinning frame
Correct Answer: Linking machine
Correct Answer Explanation: A linking machine was a crucial part of the weaving process. It wound yarn from spinning bobbins onto spools, preparing it to be used on the loom.
What is the process called where jute fibers are combed and split?
- Spinning
- Roving
- Drafting
- Carding
Correct Answer: Carding
Correct Answer Explanation: Carding is a crucial step in the preparation of jute fibers for spinning. It involves combing and splitting the fibers to align them and remove any impurities. This process is often done in two stages: breaker carding and finisher carding.
How many spirals or rounds were typically on a warping mill in 1921?
- 10
- 20
- 30
- 42
Correct Answer: 42
Correct Answer Explanation: A warping mill typically had 42 spirals or rounds, which allowed for a large number of warp threads to be wound and prepared simultaneously. This efficiency was essential for large-scale weaving operations.
What is the name for the transverse threads in a woven fabric?
- Warp
- Weft
- Fill
- Sliver
Correct Answer: Weft
Correct Answer Explanation: The weft threads run transversely across the warp threads in a woven fabric. They interlace with the warp threads to create the fabric’s structure and pattern.
What is the name of the loom used to weave intricate patterns in carpets?
- Dobby loom
- Jacquard loom
- Power loom
- Hand loom
Correct Answer: Jacquard loom
Correct Answer Explanation: A Jacquard loom is a sophisticated type of loom that uses a system of punched cards to control the pattern of the weave. It is particularly suited for creating intricate designs in carpets, tapestries, and other textiles.
What was the approximate annual export of jute before World War I?
- 100,000 tons
- 500,000 tons
- 1,000,000 tons
- 2,000,000 tons
Correct Answer: 1,000,000 tons
Correct Answer Explanation: Before World War I, the jute industry was thriving, with an annual export of approximately 1 million tons of jute. This demonstrates the global demand for jute products and its significance in international trade.
What was the approximate amount of green jute crop needed to produce 10 to 15 cwt. of clean dry fiber?
- 2-3 tons
- 5-7 tons
- 10-14 tons
- 15-20 tons
Correct Answer: 10-14 tons
Correct Answer Explanation: It took a significant amount of green jute crop to produce a relatively small amount of clean dry fiber. This highlights the loss of weight and volume during the processing steps, emphasizing the importance of efficient extraction and utilization.
What is the approximate length of a jute plant?
- 1-3 feet
- 3-5 feet
- 5-15 feet
- 15-20 feet
Correct Answer: 5-15 feet
Correct Answer Explanation: Jute plants can grow to heights ranging from 5 to 15 feet, depending on the variety and growing conditions. This range in size influences the amount of fiber that can be extracted from each plant.
What is the name for the machine that creates a slightly twisted sliver of jute fibers?
- Spinning frame
- Roving frame
- Carding machine
- Batching machine
Correct Answer: Roving frame
Correct Answer Explanation: A roving frame is a machine that transforms the card sliver into a slightly twisted jute strand called a rove. This rove then goes on to be spun into yarn.
What is the name for the process of pressing and smoothing jute fabric?
- Calendering
- Mangling
- Crisping
- Retting
Correct Answer: Mangling
Correct Answer Explanation: Mangling is a finishing process that involves pressing and smoothing jute fabric to create a more uniform and refined appearance. It is often used in conjunction with calendering to achieve a desirable finish.
What was the approximate hydraulic pressure used in baling presses in 1921?
- 2,000 lbs. per square inch
- 4,000 lbs. per square inch
- 6,000 lbs. per square inch
- 8,000 lbs. per square inch
Correct Answer: 6,000 lbs. per square inch
Correct Answer Explanation: The hydraulic presses used to bale jute required a high pressure of around 6,000 lbs. per square inch to compress the fibers into compact bales. This pressure was essential for efficient storage, handling, and transportation.
What is the process of preparing the warp threads for weaving called?
- Warping
- Wefting
- Linking
- Drafting
Correct Answer: Warping
Correct Answer Explanation: Warping is the process of preparing the warp threads for weaving. It involves winding the threads onto a large beam called a warp beam, ensuring a precise arrangement and tension for the weaving process.
What is the approximate duration of the retting process?
- 1-3 days
- 4-7 days
- 8-30 days
- 30-60 days
Correct Answer: 8-30 days
Correct Answer Explanation: The retting process, which involves immersing the jute stalks in water to separate the fibers, can take anywhere from 8 to 30 days, depending on factors like temperature, water conditions, and the variety of jute plant.
What is the name of the loom that can weave more complex patterns than a basic loom?
- Jacquard loom
- Dobby loom
- Power loom
- Hand loom
Correct Answer: Dobby loom
Correct Answer Explanation: A dobby loom is a type of loom that can weave more intricate patterns than a basic loom. It uses a system of mechanical levers or cams to control the pattern of the weave, allowing for greater design flexibility.
What was the primary reason for jute’s strategic importance during World War I?
- It was used to make explosives
- It was used to make uniforms
- It was used to make sandbags
- It was used to make ships
Correct Answer: It was used to make sandbags
Correct Answer Explanation: Jute’s strong and durable fibers made it ideal for producing sandbags, which were essential for protecting soldiers and fortifications during World War I. The demand for sandbags boosted the jute industry’s production and highlighted its strategic importance.
How many sandbags were collected, packed, and dispatched from Dundee in a 14-day period during World War I?
- 150,000
- 500,000
- 1,500,000
- 150,000,000
Correct Answer: 150,000,000
Correct Answer Explanation: The scale of jute production during World War I was immense. In just a two-week period, Dundee alone dispatched a staggering 150 million sandbags, showcasing the vital role of jute in the war effort.
What is the approximate weight of a maund?
- 4 lbs.
- 8 lbs.
- 12 lbs.
- 16 lbs.
Correct Answer: 8 lbs.
Correct Answer Explanation: A maund, a traditional unit of weight used in India, is approximately equal to 8 lbs. This unit was commonly used in the jute industry for measuring the weight of raw fibers and other materials.
What is the name of the machine that delivers sliver at a rate of 50 yards per minute?
- Breaker card
- Finisher card
- Roving frame
- Spinning frame
Correct Answer: Breaker card
Correct Answer Explanation: A breaker card, the first stage of carding, delivers a continuous sliver of jute fibers at a rate of 50 yards per minute. This process is crucial for aligning the fibers and preparing them for subsequent processing.
How many bales of jute could a large jute vessel typically carry?
- 5,000-10,000
- 10,000-20,000
- 20,000-30,000
- 30,000-46,000
Correct Answer: 30,000-46,000
Correct Answer Explanation: Large jute vessels were designed to transport massive amounts of jute bales. A typical cargo capacity ranged from 30,000 to 46,000 bales, showcasing the scale of jute trade and transportation.
What is the name of the process where jute fibers are mixed and lubricated to ensure uniformity in yarn production?
- Batching
- Carding
- Drafting
- Roving
Correct Answer: Batching
Correct Answer Explanation: Batching is a critical step in the preparation of jute fibers for spinning. It involves mixing and lubricating the fibers to create a uniform blend for yarn production. This process helps to ensure consistent quality and strength in the spun yarn.
What was the approximate annual import of jute into Britain before World War I?
- 20,000 tons
- 46,000 tons
- 100,000 tons
- 200,000 tons
Correct Answer: 200,000 tons
Correct Answer Explanation: Before World War I, Britain imported an average of 200,000 tons of raw jute annually. This demonstrates the significant reliance on Indian jute production and the importance of this fiber in British manufacturing.
What is the name for the process of combing and splitting jute fibers using a breaker card and finisher card?
- Batching
- Carding
- Drafting
- Roving
Correct Answer: Carding
Correct Answer Explanation: Carding is a crucial step in the preparation of jute fibers for spinning. It involves combing and splitting the fibers to align them and remove any impurities. This process is often done in two stages: breaker carding and finisher carding.
What is the approximate diameter of a standard jute roll?
- 4 inches
- 6 inches
- 8 inches
- 10 inches
Correct Answer: 8 inches
Correct Answer Explanation: A standard jute roll, commonly used in the industry, had a diameter of approximately 8 inches. This size was convenient for handling and storage.
What is the name for the process of transforming rove into yarn using a spinning frame?
- Roving
- Drafting
- Spinning
- Batching
Correct Answer: Spinning
Correct Answer Explanation: Spinning is the final step in converting jute fibers into yarn. A spinning frame uses rotating spindles to twist the rove into a continuous yarn, ready for weaving or other applications.
Which two rivers carry down decayed matter that enriches the soil in Bengal?
- Ganges and Brahmaputra
- Indus and Ganges
- Brahmaputra and Yamuna
- Ganges and Yamuna
Correct Answer: Ganges and Brahmaputra
Correct Answer Explanation: The Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers play a vital role in the fertility of Bengal’s soil. They carry down decayed organic matter, rich in nutrients, from the Himalayas, creating ideal conditions for jute cultivation.
What is the approximate rate at which a finisher card can draw slivers?
- 2-4
- 4-6
- 8-16
- 16-24
Correct Answer: 8-16
Correct Answer Explanation: A finisher card, the second stage of carding, can draw out the slivers at a draft of 8 to 16 or more, depending on the desired yarn thickness. This process further aligns and refines the fibers.
What was the approximate amount of raw jute brought to Dundee and other British ports annually before World War I?
- 50,000 tons
- 100,000 tons
- 200,000 tons
- 500,000 tons
Correct Answer: 200,000 tons
Correct Answer Explanation: Before World War I, Britain imported a significant amount of raw jute from India, bringing in about 200,000 tons annually to its ports, primarily in Dundee. This volume highlights the scale of the jute industry and its importance to the British economy.
What is the name for the process of making jute fabric into bags?
- Bagging
- Sacking
- Hessiani
- Tarpaulining
Correct Answer: Bagging
Correct Answer Explanation: Bagging refers to the process of using jute fabric to make bags, a major application of this versatile fiber. Jute bags are strong, durable, and biodegradable, making them suitable for various purposes, including packaging, agricultural use, and more.
How many spinning bobbins are typically found on a warping mill?
- 10-20
- 20-30
- 50-72
- 100-120
Correct Answer: 50-72
Correct Answer Explanation: A warping mill, which prepares the warp threads for weaving, can accommodate a significant number of spinning bobbins, typically between 50 and 72. This allows for the efficient preparation of a large number of warp threads simultaneously.
Which of these four major jute growing centers in Bengal is NOT mentioned in the text?
- Mymensingh
- Dacca
- Hooghly
- Chittagong
Correct Answer: Chittagong
Correct Answer Explanation: The text mentions Mymensingh, Dacca, Hooghly, and Pabna as important jute growing centers in Bengal, but Chittagong is not included. The text focuses on the regions with the highest concentration of jute production.
What is the name of the heavy jute fabric used for making sacks?
- Hessian
- Bagging
- Tarpaulin
- Sacking
Correct Answer: Sacking
Correct Answer Explanation: Sacking is a heavy-duty jute fabric, commonly used for making sacks, which are often used for transporting agricultural products, building materials, and other goods.
What is the approximate length of a jute roll?
- 4 inches
- 6 inches
- 8 inches
- 9 inches
Correct Answer: 9 inches
Correct Answer Explanation: A standard jute roll is typically 9 inches long. This size is convenient for handling and storage, and it allows for efficient use of the jute fiber in various applications.
What is the name of the machine that can hold approximately 300 spools of yarn?
- Linking machine
- Warping mill
- Spinning frame
- Carding machine
Correct Answer: Linking machine
Correct Answer Explanation: A linking machine is used to wind yarn from spinning bobbins onto spools, preparing it for weaving. It can accommodate a significant number of spools, typically around 300, for efficient and large-scale weaving operations.
What is the name of the waterproof jute fabric used for covering objects?
- Hessian
- Bagging
- Tarpaulin
- Sacking
Correct Answer: Tarpaulin
Correct Answer Explanation: A tarpaulin is a heavy-duty, waterproof jute fabric commonly used for covering objects outdoors. Its strength, durability, and water-resistant properties make it suitable for protecting goods, equipment, and structures.