What year did Captain Winship build the first building in Oregon?
- 1799
- 1805
- 1810
- 1815
Correct Answer: 1810
Correct Answer Explanation: Captain Winship, an American sea captain, established the first permanent settlement in Oregon in 1810. He built a trading post on the Columbia River, marking the beginning of American presence in the region.
What was the first pass over the Cascades used by white settlers called?
- The Lewis and Clark Trail
- The Barlow Road
- The Oregon Trail
- The Applegate Trail
Correct Answer: The Barlow Road
Correct Answer Explanation: Built in 1842-1846, the Barlow Road was a crucial route for settlers traveling to the Willamette Valley. It was the first pass over the Cascade Mountains used by white settlers, making it a vital link between the east and west coasts.
What is the name of the prominent rock formation on Crater Lake’s western shore?
- Wizard Island
- Phantom Ship
- Llao Rock
- Crater Rock
Correct Answer: Llao Rock
Correct Answer Explanation: Llao Rock, towering over 2,000 feet high, is a notable landmark on Crater Lake’s western shore. Its imposing size and unique shape make it a distinctive feature of the lake’s landscape.
Which mountain was in a state of eruption in 1843?
- Mount Hood
- Mount St. Helens
- Mount Rainier
- Mount Jefferson
Correct Answer: Mount Rainier
Correct Answer Explanation: Mount Rainier, Washington’s highest peak, was an active volcano in 1843. Its volcanic history is evident in the steam caverns found on its summit, which can serve as a source of heat in extreme conditions.
Which of these individuals explored the Pacific Northwest in the late 1700s and early 1800s?
- Lewis and Clark
- George Vancouver
- Captain Cook
- All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above
Correct Answer Explanation: These explorers were all instrumental in mapping and understanding the Pacific Northwest in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Lewis and Clark’s famous expedition traversed the region, while George Vancouver charted the coastline, and Captain Cook explored the Pacific Ocean.
What is the approximate depth of Crater Lake?
- 1,000 feet
- 1,500 feet
- 2,000 feet
- 2,500 feet
Correct Answer: 2,000 feet
Correct Answer Explanation: Crater Lake is known for its remarkable depth, reaching nearly 2,000 feet. This makes it one of the deepest lakes in the United States and a testament to the volcanic forces that shaped its creation.
Who established Fort Vancouver in 1825?
- John McLaughlin
- Dr. Marcus Whitman
- George Vancouver
- Captain Cook
Correct Answer: John McLaughlin
Correct Answer Explanation: John McLaughlin, a prominent figure in the Hudson’s Bay Company, established Fort Vancouver in 1825. His contributions to the development of the Northwest were significant, including the introduction of livestock, fruit, and other valuable resources.
What is the elevation of Crater Lake’s surface?
- 4,251 feet
- 5,251 feet
- 6,251 feet
- 7,251 feet
Correct Answer: 6,251 feet
Correct Answer Explanation: Crater Lake’s surface sits at a considerable elevation of 6,251 feet above sea level. This makes it one of the highest lakes in the United States, offering stunning panoramic views from its rim.
What unique feature of Crater Lake has its own crater?
- Llao Rock
- The Phantom Ship
- Wizard Island
- The rim of the lake
Correct Answer: Wizard Island
Correct Answer Explanation: Wizard Island, a volcanic island in Crater Lake, is unique in that it has its own volcanic crater. This feature is a testament to the complex geological history of the region, offering a glimpse into the past volcanic activity that shaped Crater Lake.
What is the term for a large, bowl-shaped volcanic crater?
- Volcano
- Crater
- Caldera
- Cinder cone
Correct Answer: Caldera
Correct Answer Explanation: A caldera is a large, bowl-shaped depression formed by the collapse of a volcano after a major eruption. Crater Lake is an excellent example of a caldera lake, formed by the collapse of a volcano known as Mount Mazama.
What is the elevation of the Barlow Road?
- 3,000 feet
- 4,000 feet
- 5,000 feet
- 6,000 feet
Correct Answer: 5,000 feet
Correct Answer Explanation: The Barlow Road, a vital transportation route for early settlers, crossed the Cascade Mountains at a significant elevation of over 5,000 feet. This highlights the challenging terrain that early settlers faced as they traversed the region.
What mountain range is the same as the Coeur d’Alene mountains?
- The Cascade Mountains
- The Rocky Mountains
- The Bitter Root Range
- The Sierra Nevada Mountains
Correct Answer: The Bitter Root Range
Correct Answer Explanation: The Bitter Root Range, located in Montana and Idaho, is synonymous with the Coeur d’Alene mountains. This mountain range is known for its rugged beauty and diverse ecosystems, offering opportunities for outdoor recreation.
Which of these mountains was not mentioned in Steel’s essays?
- Mount Hood
- Mount Rainier
- Mount Jefferson
- Mount St. Helens
Correct Answer: Mount Jefferson
Correct Answer Explanation: While Steel’s essays explore the history, exploration, and natural wonders of many Oregon mountains, he did not specifically address Mount Jefferson in this collection.
Who was the first European woman to reach the Columbia River?
- Miss Jane Barnes
- Sacajawea
- Mary Todd Lincoln
- Anne Boleyn
Correct Answer: Miss Jane Barnes
Correct Answer Explanation: Miss Jane Barnes, a member of the Astor expedition, became the first European woman to reach the Columbia River in 1814. Her arrival at Astoria marked a significant moment in the history of the region, contributing to the growing European influence in the Pacific Northwest.
What is the term for a deep crack in a glacier or ice sheet?
- Caldera
- Crevasse
- Stalactite
- Stalagmite
Correct Answer: Crevasse
Correct Answer Explanation: A crevasse is a deep crack or fissure in a glacier or ice sheet. These cracks can pose significant dangers to climbers and adventurers traversing glacial landscapes.
What is the name of the island in Crater Lake?
- Wizard Island
- Llao Island
- Phantom Ship Island
- Crater Island
Correct Answer: Wizard Island
Correct Answer Explanation: Wizard Island is a prominent volcanic island located within Crater Lake. It is named for its distinctive shape and its own volcanic crater, offering a unique geological feature within the lake.
What year was Oregon admitted to the Union?
- 1857
- 1859
- 1861
- 1863
Correct Answer: 1859
Correct Answer Explanation: Oregon officially became a state in 1859, marking a significant milestone in its history and solidifying its place as a part of the United States.
What year did the first steamer visit Oregon?
- 1826
- 1836
- 1846
- 1856
Correct Answer: 1836
Correct Answer Explanation: The Beaver, a steam-powered vessel from England, made its way to Oregon in 1836. This marked the beginning of steam navigation on the Columbia River, revolutionizing transportation and trade in the region.
Which mountain was the site of a red fire illumination on the Fourth of July?
- Mount Hood
- Mount St. Helens
- Mount Rainier
- Mount Jefferson
Correct Answer: Mount Hood
Correct Answer Explanation: In a remarkable feat of engineering and celebration, Mount Hood was illuminated with red fire on the Fourth of July in the late 19th century. This spectacle involved a daring climb to the summit and a carefully coordinated system of flares, creating a vibrant display of light against the mountain’s snow-capped peak.
What is the term for a formation of calcium carbonate that hangs from the ceiling of a cave?
- Stalactite
- Stalagmite
- Crevasse
- Caldera
Correct Answer: Stalactite
Correct Answer Explanation: Stalactites are icicle-shaped formations of calcium carbonate that hang from the ceiling of caves. They are formed by the slow dripping of mineral-rich water, creating these distinctive and often beautiful structures.
What year was the Oregon Alpine Club founded?
- 1875
- 1885
- 1895
- 1905
Correct Answer: 1895
Correct Answer Explanation: The Oregon Alpine Club was established in 1895, uniting individuals passionate about exploring and preserving the region’s natural wonders. The club’s expeditions and initiatives contributed significantly to scientific knowledge and conservation efforts in the Pacific Northwest.
What is the approximate height of Mount Rainier?
- 12,410 feet
- 13,410 feet
- 14,410 feet
- 15,410 feet
Correct Answer: 14,410 feet
Correct Answer Explanation: Mount Rainier, Washington’s tallest peak, stands at an impressive height of 14,410 feet above sea level. Its towering presence and glacial landscapes make it a prominent feature of the Cascade Mountains.
What is the term for a device that transmits signals using mirrors to reflect sunlight?
- Heliograph
- Telescope
- Sextant
- Compass
Correct Answer: Heliograph
Correct Answer Explanation: A heliograph is a device that uses mirrors to reflect sunlight and create a beam of light that can be used for signaling. It was a valuable tool for long-distance communication before the advent of radio and other modern technologies.
What type of geological feature is Crater Lake?
- A caldera lake
- A glacial lake
- A river lake
- A sinkhole lake
Correct Answer: A caldera lake
Correct Answer Explanation: Crater Lake is a caldera lake, formed by the collapse of a volcano known as Mount Mazama. The caldera, a large, bowl-shaped depression, filled with water over time, creating the impressive lake we see today.
What is the term for snow that persists year-round on mountain peaks?
- Glacier
- Perpetual snow
- Timberline
- Alpine snow
Correct Answer: Perpetual snow
Correct Answer Explanation: Perpetual snow refers to snow that remains on mountain peaks year-round due to the cold climate and high elevation. It is a characteristic feature of high-altitude environments and contributes to the formation of glaciers.
Who was responsible for the naming of many mountains in the Pacific Northwest?
- George Vancouver
- Captain Cook
- Lewis and Clark
- All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above
Correct Answer Explanation: Each of these explorers played a role in naming mountains and geographical features in the Pacific Northwest. George Vancouver charted the coastline, Captain Cook explored the Pacific Ocean, and Lewis and Clark documented their journey through the region, contributing to our understanding and naming of these landmarks.
What is the term for the elevation above which trees cannot grow due to the harsh climate?
- Timberline
- Tree line
- Alpine line
- Frost line
Correct Answer: Timberline
Correct Answer Explanation: The timberline, also known as the tree line, marks the elevation above which trees cannot grow due to the cold climate, strong winds, and limited growing season. It is a distinct feature of mountainous landscapes, marking a transition from forested areas to more barren environments.
What is the name of the rock formation in Crater Lake that resembles a ship at anchor?
- The Phantom Ship
- Wizard Island
- Llao Rock
- Crater Rock
Correct Answer: The Phantom Ship
Correct Answer Explanation: The Phantom Ship is a solitary rock formation in Crater Lake that resembles a ship at anchor. Its unique shape and location in the lake have led to its intriguing name and make it a notable landmark within the lake’s landscape.
What year did Mount Hood erupt?
- 1836
- 1846
- 1856
- 1866
Correct Answer: 1846
Correct Answer Explanation: Mount Hood, a prominent peak in the Cascade Mountains, was in a state of eruption in 1846. This volcanic activity contributed to its iconic status as a snow-capped mountain and reminded people of the region’s dynamic geological history.
What is the term for inspiring awe or admiration through grandeur or vastness?
- Sublime
- Majestic
- Beautiful
- Epic
Correct Answer: Sublime
Correct Answer Explanation: The word “sublime” describes a feeling of awe and profound admiration inspired by something grand, vast, or powerful. The landscapes of the Pacific Northwest, with their towering mountains, deep lakes, and expansive forests, often evoke this sense of awe and inspire a sense of wonder in those who witness them.
What is the name of the atmospheric river of heat that affects the Pacific Northwest?
- The Jet Stream
- The Pacific Current
- The El Niño Current
- The Pineapple Express
Correct Answer: The Pineapple Express
Correct Answer Explanation: The Pineapple Express, an atmospheric river of warm, moist air originating near Hawaii, has a significant impact on the Pacific Northwest. It is responsible for the region’s mild climate, abundant rainfall, and occasional heavy precipitation events.
What is the name of the indigenous tribe who considered Crater Lake to be the home of sea-devils called Llaos?
- The Nez Perce
- The Chinook
- The Klamath
- The Yakima
Correct Answer: The Klamath
Correct Answer Explanation: The Klamath tribe, who lived near Crater Lake, held a belief that the lake was the home of sea-devils called Llaos. This belief, rooted in the lake’s depth and mysterious origin, reflected their understanding and respect for the natural world.
What is the name of the organization that plays an important role in scientific exploration and preservation of the region’s natural beauty?
- The Oregon Department of Forestry
- The National Park Service
- The Oregon Alpine Club
- The Sierra Club
Correct Answer: The Oregon Alpine Club
Correct Answer Explanation: The Oregon Alpine Club, founded in 1895, has been a key player in scientific exploration and conservation efforts in the Pacific Northwest. The club’s expeditions, research, and advocacy have contributed to our understanding of the region’s natural wonders and helped to protect these landscapes for future generations.
What is the term for a formation of calcium carbonate that rises from the floor of a cave?
- Stalactite
- Stalagmite
- Crevasse
- Caldera
Correct Answer: Stalagmite
Correct Answer Explanation: Stalagmites are formations of calcium carbonate that rise from the floor of caves. They are formed by the dripping of mineral-rich water, building up over time into these distinctive and often impressive structures.
What is the name of the first pass over the Cascades used by whites?
- The Lewis and Clark Trail
- The Barlow Road
- The Oregon Trail
- The Applegate Trail
Correct Answer: The Barlow Road
Correct Answer Explanation: Built in 1842-1846, the Barlow Road was a crucial route for settlers traveling to the Willamette Valley. It was the first pass over the Cascade Mountains used by white settlers, making it a vital link between the east and west coasts.
What is the name of the rock formation in Crater Lake that resembles a ship at anchor?
- The Phantom Ship
- Wizard Island
- Llao Rock
- Crater Rock
Correct Answer: The Phantom Ship
Correct Answer Explanation: The Phantom Ship is a solitary rock formation in Crater Lake that resembles a ship at anchor. Its unique shape and location in the lake have led to its intriguing name and make it a notable landmark within the lake’s landscape.
What year did the first steamer visit Oregon?
- 1826
- 1836
- 1846
- 1856
Correct Answer: 1836
Correct Answer Explanation: The Beaver, a steam-powered vessel from England, made its way to Oregon in 1836. This marked the beginning of steam navigation on the Columbia River, revolutionizing transportation and trade in the region.
Which mountain was the site of a red fire illumination on the Fourth of July?
- Mount Hood
- Mount St. Helens
- Mount Rainier
- Mount Jefferson
Correct Answer: Mount Hood
Correct Answer Explanation: In a remarkable feat of engineering and celebration, Mount Hood was illuminated with red fire on the Fourth of July in the late 19th century. This spectacle involved a daring climb to the summit and a carefully coordinated system of flares, creating a vibrant display of light against the mountain’s snow-capped peak.
What year was Oregon admitted to the Union?
- 1857
- 1859
- 1861
- 1863
Correct Answer: 1859
Correct Answer Explanation: Oregon officially became a state in 1859, marking a significant milestone in its history and solidifying its place as a part of the United States.
What year was the Oregon Alpine Club founded?
- 1875
- 1885
- 1895
- 1905
Correct Answer: 1895
Correct Answer Explanation: The Oregon Alpine Club was established in 1895, uniting individuals passionate about exploring and preserving the region’s natural wonders. The club’s expeditions and initiatives contributed significantly to scientific knowledge and conservation efforts in the Pacific Northwest.
What is the approximate height of Mount Rainier?
- 12,410 feet
- 13,410 feet
- 14,410 feet
- 15,410 feet
Correct Answer: 14,410 feet
Correct Answer Explanation: Mount Rainier, Washington’s tallest peak, stands at an impressive height of 14,410 feet above sea level. Its towering presence and glacial landscapes make it a prominent feature of the Cascade Mountains.
What is the term for a device that transmits signals using mirrors to reflect sunlight?
- Heliograph
- Telescope
- Sextant
- Compass
Correct Answer: Heliograph
Correct Answer Explanation: A heliograph is a device that uses mirrors to reflect sunlight and create a beam of light that can be used for signaling. It was a valuable tool for long-distance communication before the advent of radio and other modern technologies.
What type of geological feature is Crater Lake?
- A caldera lake
- A glacial lake
- A river lake
- A sinkhole lake
Correct Answer: A caldera lake
Correct Answer Explanation: Crater Lake is a caldera lake, formed by the collapse of a volcano known as Mount Mazama. The caldera, a large, bowl-shaped depression, filled with water over time, creating the impressive lake we see today.
What is the name of the island in Crater Lake?
- Wizard Island
- Llao Island
- Phantom Ship Island
- Crater Island
Correct Answer: Wizard Island
Correct Answer Explanation: Wizard Island is a prominent volcanic island located within Crater Lake. It is named for its distinctive shape and its own volcanic crater, offering a unique geological feature within the lake.
What is the name of the indigenous tribe who considered Crater Lake to be the home of sea-devils called Llaos?
- The Nez Perce
- The Chinook
- The Klamath
- The Yakima
Correct Answer: The Klamath
Correct Answer Explanation: The Klamath tribe, who lived near Crater Lake, held a belief that the lake was the home of sea-devils called Llaos. This belief, rooted in the lake’s depth and mysterious origin, reflected their understanding and respect for the natural world.
What is the name of the organization that plays an important role in scientific exploration and preservation of the region’s natural beauty?
- The Oregon Department of Forestry
- The National Park Service
- The Oregon Alpine Club
- The Sierra Club
Correct Answer: The Oregon Alpine Club
Correct Answer Explanation: The Oregon Alpine Club, founded in 1895, has been a key player in scientific exploration and conservation efforts in the Pacific Northwest. The club’s expeditions, research, and advocacy have contributed to our understanding of the region’s natural wonders and helped to protect these landscapes for future generations.
What is the term for snow that persists year-round on mountain peaks?
- Glacier
- Perpetual snow
- Timberline
- Alpine snow
Correct Answer: Perpetual snow
Correct Answer Explanation: Perpetual snow refers to snow that remains on mountain peaks year-round due to the cold climate and high elevation. It is a characteristic feature of high-altitude environments and contributes to the formation of glaciers.
What year did Mount Hood erupt?
- 1836
- 1846
- 1856
- 1866
Correct Answer: 1846
Correct Answer Explanation: Mount Hood, a prominent peak in the Cascade Mountains, was in a state of eruption in 1846. This volcanic activity contributed to its iconic status as a snow-capped mountain and reminded people of the region’s dynamic geological history.
Who was responsible for the naming of many mountains in the Pacific Northwest?
- George Vancouver
- Captain Cook
- Lewis and Clark
- All of the above
Correct Answer: All of the above
Correct Answer Explanation: Each of these explorers played a role in naming mountains and geographical features in the Pacific Northwest. George Vancouver charted the coastline, Captain Cook explored the Pacific Ocean, and Lewis and Clark documented their journey through the region, contributing to our understanding and naming of these landmarks.
What is the term for the elevation above which trees cannot grow due to the harsh climate?
- Timberline
- Tree line
- Alpine line
- Frost line
Correct Answer: Timberline
Correct Answer Explanation: The timberline, also known as the tree line, marks the elevation above which trees cannot grow due to the cold climate, strong winds, and limited growing season. It is a distinct feature of mountainous landscapes, marking a transition from forested areas to more barren environments.
What is the name of the atmospheric river of heat that affects the Pacific Northwest?
- The Jet Stream
- The Pacific Current
- The El Niño Current
- The Pineapple Express
Correct Answer: The Pineapple Express
Correct Answer Explanation: The Pineapple Express, an atmospheric river of warm, moist air originating near Hawaii, has a significant impact on the Pacific Northwest. It is responsible for the region’s mild climate, abundant rainfall, and occasional heavy precipitation events.
What is the name of the first pass over the Cascades used by whites?
- The Lewis and Clark Trail
- The Barlow Road
- The Oregon Trail
- The Applegate Trail
Correct Answer: The Barlow Road
Correct Answer Explanation: Built in 1842-1846, the Barlow Road was a crucial route for settlers traveling to the Willamette Valley. It was the first pass over the Cascade Mountains used by white settlers, making it a vital link between the east and west coasts.
What is the term for inspiring awe or admiration through grandeur or vastness?
- Sublime
- Majestic
- Beautiful
- Epic
Correct Answer: Sublime
Correct Answer Explanation: The word “sublime” describes a feeling of awe and profound admiration inspired by something grand, vast, or powerful. The landscapes of the Pacific Northwest, with their towering mountains, deep lakes, and expansive forests, often evoke this sense of awe and inspire a sense of wonder in those who witness them.