What was the name of the first pirate, who was likely a “hardy Norseman”?
- William Kidd
- Blackbeard
- Henry Morgan
- A “hardy Norseman”
Correct Answer: A “hardy Norseman”
Correct Answer Explanation: The first pirate, according to the book, was likely a “hardy Norseman” who engaged in sea robbery.
What did the term “buccaneer” originally refer to?
- French settlers of St. Domingo who hunted and dried wild cattle and fish.
- Spanish privateers who raided English ships.
- Dutch explorers who searched for the Northwest Passage.
- Portuguese traders who sailed to the East Indies.
Correct Answer: French settlers of St. Domingo who hunted and dried wild cattle and fish.
Correct Answer Explanation: The term “buccaneer” originally referred to French settlers of St. Domingo who hunted and dried wild cattle and fish, a practice that eventually led to their involvement in piracy.
Which island in the Caribbean quickly became a hub for pirates due to its numerous harbors and resources?
- Cuba
- Hispaniola
- Tortuga
- Jamaica
Correct Answer: Tortuga
Correct Answer Explanation: The island of Tortuga, off the coast of Hispaniola, quickly became a hub for pirates, with over 20 pirate ships operating out of the port. It provided a safe haven for pirates and a base for their operations.
What was the common motto of pirates, which reflected their “no reward without risk” mentality?
- “No pain, no gain”
- “No prey, no pay”
- “No surrender, no retreat”
- “No risk, no reward”
Correct Answer: “No prey, no pay”
Correct Answer Explanation: The pirates’ motto was “No prey, no pay,” meaning that only successful voyages resulted in payment. This reflected the high-risk, high-reward nature of piracy.
Which Spanish fleet was a prime target for pirates due to its valuable cargo of pearls?
- The Treasure Fleet
- The Golden Fleet
- The Pearl Fleet
- The Silver Fleet
Correct Answer: The Pearl Fleet
Correct Answer Explanation: The Spanish “Pearl Fleet” was targeted by pirates due to its rich haul of pearls, making it an attractive prize.
Which notorious Dutch pirate became infamous for his brutality and excessive drinking?
- Henry Morgan
- Francis Lolonois
- Bartholomew Portuguez
- Roche Brasiliano
Correct Answer: Roche Brasiliano
Correct Answer Explanation: Roche Brasiliano, a Dutch pirate, became notorious for his brutality and excessive drinking. He was known for his cruelty and sadistic punishments.
Which French pirate, known for his cruelty and savage punishments, plundered the cities of Maracaibo and Gibraltar?
- Henry Morgan
- Francis Lolonois
- Bartholomew Portuguez
- Roche Brasiliano
Correct Answer: Francis Lolonois
Correct Answer Explanation: Francis Lolonois, a French pirate, was known for his cruelty and savage punishments. He plundered the cities of Maracaibo and Gibraltar, causing widespread fear and devastation.
Which Welsh pirate became one of the most successful and ruthless buccaneers?
- Henry Morgan
- Francis Lolonois
- Bartholomew Portuguez
- Roche Brasiliano
Correct Answer: Henry Morgan
Correct Answer Explanation: Henry Morgan was a Welsh pirate who became one of the most successful and ruthless buccaneers. He was known for his cunning, brutality, and strategic attacks on Spanish settlements.
Which city did Morgan attack and sack in 1671, showcasing his cunning and brutality?
- Panama City
- Puerto Bello
- Cartagena
- Havana
Correct Answer: Puerto Bello
Correct Answer Explanation: Morgan’s attack and sack of Puerto Bello in 1671 demonstrated his cunning and brutality. He successfully captured the city and plundered its wealth.
Which city did Morgan ultimately succeed in attacking and burning in 1671?
- Panama City
- Puerto Bello
- Cartagena
- Havana
Correct Answer: Panama City
Correct Answer Explanation: Morgan’s ultimately successful attack on Panama in 1671 resulted in the burning of the city. This was a significant victory for Morgan and a major blow to Spanish control in the region.
What was the estimated value of the treasure seized by Henry Jennings and his crew from a Spanish galleon in 1716?
- 350,000 pieces of silver
- 100,000 pieces of eight
- 20,000 pieces of eight
- 1,000,000 pieces of eight
Correct Answer: 350,000 pieces of silver
Correct Answer Explanation: Henry Jennings and his crew seized 350,000 pieces of silver from a Spanish galleon, a significant haul that sparked further piracy in the region.
How much was the estimated value of the loot acquired by Captain Avery after capturing the Great Mogul’s ship?
- £100,000
- £200,000
- £500,000
- £1,000,000
Correct Answer: £200,000
Correct Answer Explanation: Captain Avery captured the Great Mogul’s ship, acquiring vast riches estimated to be worth over £200,000. This made him one of the most successful pirates of his time.
What was the estimated number of men in Captain Roberts’ crew?
- 50
- 100
- 150
- 200
Correct Answer: 150
Correct Answer Explanation: Captain Roberts commanded a crew of 150 men, making him one of the most powerful and feared pirates of his era.
What did the term “Keys” refer to in the context of piracy?
- Low sandy islands in the Caribbean, often used as pirate hideouts.
- Large ships used by Spain to transport treasure.
- Documents issued by a government that authorizes a private person to attack enemy ships.
- A type of wood used for dyeing, commonly traded in the Caribbean.
Correct Answer: Low sandy islands in the Caribbean, often used as pirate hideouts.
Correct Answer Explanation: “Keys” were low sandy islands in the Caribbean, often used as pirate hideouts. These islands provided a safe haven for pirates and a place to hide their loot.
What did the term “Galleons” refer to in the context of piracy?
- Low sandy islands in the Caribbean, often used as pirate hideouts.
- Large ships used by Spain to transport treasure.
- Documents issued by a government that authorizes a private person to attack enemy ships.
- A type of wood used for dyeing, commonly traded in the Caribbean.
Correct Answer: Large ships used by Spain to transport treasure.
Correct Answer Explanation: Galleons were large, heavily armed ships used by Spain to transport treasure, making them prime targets for pirates.
What did the term “Letter of Marque” refer to in the context of piracy?
- Low sandy islands in the Caribbean, often used as pirate hideouts.
- Large ships used by Spain to transport treasure.
- Documents issued by a government that authorizes a private person to attack enemy ships.
- A type of wood used for dyeing, commonly traded in the Caribbean.
Correct Answer: Documents issued by a government that authorizes a private person to attack enemy ships.
Correct Answer Explanation: A Letter of Marque was a document issued by a government that authorizes a private person to attack enemy ships. This practice blurred the lines between legitimate privateering and illegal piracy.
What did the term “Logwood” refer to in the context of piracy?
- Low sandy islands in the Caribbean, often used as pirate hideouts.
- Large ships used by Spain to transport treasure.
- Documents issued by a government that authorizes a private person to attack enemy ships.
- A type of wood used for dyeing, commonly traded in the Caribbean.
Correct Answer: A type of wood used for dyeing, commonly traded in the Caribbean.
Correct Answer Explanation: Logwood was a type of wood used for dyeing, commonly traded in the Caribbean. It was a valuable commodity that pirates often sought to plunder.
What did the term “Vice-Admiral” refer to in the context of piracy?
- A type of wood used for dyeing, commonly traded in the Caribbean.
- A naval officer who ranks below an admiral.
- Low sandy islands in the Caribbean, often used as pirate hideouts.
- Small mortar-pieces, commonly used by Spanish ships.
Correct Answer: A naval officer who ranks below an admiral.
Correct Answer Explanation: A Vice-Admiral was a naval officer who ranks below an admiral, often commanding fleets in naval engagements.
What did the term “Pedreros” refer to in the context of piracy?
- A type of wood used for dyeing, commonly traded in the Caribbean.
- A naval officer who ranks below an admiral.
- Low sandy islands in the Caribbean, often used as pirate hideouts.
- Small mortar-pieces, commonly used by Spanish ships.
Correct Answer: Small mortar-pieces, commonly used by Spanish ships.
Correct Answer Explanation: Pedreros were small mortar-pieces, commonly used by Spanish ships. They were effective weapons in close-range combat.
What did the term “Brulot” refer to in the context of piracy?
- A type of wood used for dyeing, commonly traded in the Caribbean.
- A naval officer who ranks below an admiral.
- Low sandy islands in the Caribbean, often used as pirate hideouts.
- A fire-ship, designed to set enemy vessels ablaze.
Correct Answer: A fire-ship, designed to set enemy vessels ablaze.
Correct Answer Explanation: A “Brulot” was a fire-ship, designed to set enemy vessels ablaze. These ships were filled with flammable materials and intentionally steered into enemy ships to cause damage.
What did the term “Kaiyack” refer to in the context of Arctic exploration?
- A large, open boat used by Arctic peoples to transport people and goods.
- A small, one-person canoe used by Arctic peoples.
- A gesture of greeting and friendship used by the Esquimaux.
- A lichen eaten by explorers in the Arctic for sustenance.
Correct Answer: A small, one-person canoe used by Arctic peoples.
Correct Answer Explanation: A Kaiyack is a small, one-person canoe used by Arctic peoples for hunting and travel. It is a versatile and essential part of their culture and survival.
What did the term “Oomiak” refer to in the context of Arctic exploration?
- A large, open boat used by Arctic peoples to transport people and goods.
- A small, one-person canoe used by Arctic peoples.
- A gesture of greeting and friendship used by the Esquimaux.
- A lichen eaten by explorers in the Arctic for sustenance.
Correct Answer: A large, open boat used by Arctic peoples to transport people and goods.
Correct Answer Explanation: An Oomiak is a larger, open boat used by Arctic peoples to transport people and goods. It is a vital tool for their survival, especially in hunting and migration.
What did the term “Teyma” refer to in the context of Arctic exploration?
- A large, open boat used by Arctic peoples to transport people and goods.
- A small, one-person canoe used by Arctic peoples.
- A gesture of greeting and friendship used by the Esquimaux.
- A lichen eaten by explorers in the Arctic for sustenance.
Correct Answer: A gesture of greeting and friendship used by the Esquimaux.
Correct Answer Explanation: A Teyma is a gesture of greeting and friendship used by the Esquimaux, demonstrating respect and goodwill.
What did the term “Tripe de Roche” refer to in the context of Arctic exploration?
- A large, open boat used by Arctic peoples to transport people and goods.
- A small, one-person canoe used by Arctic peoples.
- A gesture of greeting and friendship used by the Esquimaux.
- A lichen eaten by explorers in the Arctic for sustenance.
Correct Answer: A lichen eaten by explorers in the Arctic for sustenance.
Correct Answer Explanation: “Tripe de Roche” is a lichen eaten by explorers in the Arctic for sustenance. It is a valuable food source, providing essential nutrients in a harsh environment.
What did the term “Young” Ice refer to in the context of Arctic exploration?
- Thin, new ice forming on the surface of the water, which can be difficult to navigate.
- Rounded hills or mounds of ice.
- Large masses of ice that move slowly over land.
- Large, floating masses of ice that break off from glaciers.
Correct Answer: Thin, new ice forming on the surface of the water, which can be difficult to navigate.
Correct Answer Explanation: “Young” ice is thin, new ice forming on the surface of the water, which can be difficult to navigate. It is often unstable and prone to breaking, posing a danger to explorers.
What did the term “Hummocks” refer to in the context of Arctic exploration?
- Thin, new ice forming on the surface of the water, which can be difficult to navigate.
- Rounded hills or mounds of ice.
- Large masses of ice that move slowly over land.
- Large, floating masses of ice that break off from glaciers.
Correct Answer: Rounded hills or mounds of ice.
Correct Answer Explanation: Hummocks are rounded hills or mounds of ice that form as the ice pack shifts and compresses. They can be challenging to navigate and present obstacles for explorers.
What did the term “Glaciers” refer to in the context of Arctic exploration?
- Thin, new ice forming on the surface of the water, which can be difficult to navigate.
- Rounded hills or mounds of ice.
- Large masses of ice that move slowly over land.
- Large, floating masses of ice that break off from glaciers.
Correct Answer: Large masses of ice that move slowly over land.
Correct Answer Explanation: Glaciers are large masses of ice that move slowly over land. They are a defining feature of the Arctic landscape and a significant force in shaping the environment.
What did the term “Icebergs” refer to in the context of Arctic exploration?
- Thin, new ice forming on the surface of the water, which can be difficult to navigate.
- Rounded hills or mounds of ice.
- Large masses of ice that move slowly over land.
- Large, floating masses of ice that break off from glaciers.
Correct Answer: Large, floating masses of ice that break off from glaciers.
Correct Answer Explanation: Icebergs are large, floating masses of ice that break off from glaciers. They are a hazard to navigation and can pose a significant threat to ships.
What did the term “Parahelia” refer to in the context of Arctic exploration?
- Mock suns, an optical phenomenon that occurs in the Arctic.
- Vehicles used for transport over snow and ice.
- A pile of stones erected as a landmark or monument.
- A concentrated food made from dried meat and fat, used by explorers.
Correct Answer: Mock suns, an optical phenomenon that occurs in the Arctic.
Correct Answer Explanation: Parahelia, also known as mock suns, are an optical phenomenon that occurs in the Arctic. They appear as bright spots of light on either side of the sun, caused by the refraction of sunlight through ice crystals in the atmosphere.
What did the term “Sledges” refer to in the context of Arctic exploration?
- Mock suns, an optical phenomenon that occurs in the Arctic.
- Vehicles used for transport over snow and ice.
- A pile of stones erected as a landmark or monument.
- A concentrated food made from dried meat and fat, used by explorers.
Correct Answer: Vehicles used for transport over snow and ice.
Correct Answer Explanation: Sledges are vehicles used for transport over snow and ice. They are essential tools for Arctic exploration, allowing for efficient travel and hauling of supplies.
What did the term “Cairn” refer to in the context of Arctic exploration?
- Mock suns, an optical phenomenon that occurs in the Arctic.
- Vehicles used for transport over snow and ice.
- A pile of stones erected as a landmark or monument.
- A concentrated food made from dried meat and fat, used by explorers.
Correct Answer: A pile of stones erected as a landmark or monument.
Correct Answer Explanation: A Cairn is a pile of stones erected as a landmark or monument. They are often used by explorers to mark trails, indicate important locations, or commemorate events.
What did the term “Pemmican” refer to in the context of Arctic exploration?
- Mock suns, an optical phenomenon that occurs in the Arctic.
- Vehicles used for transport over snow and ice.
- A pile of stones erected as a landmark or monument.
- A concentrated food made from dried meat and fat, used by explorers.
Correct Answer: A concentrated food made from dried meat and fat, used by explorers.
Correct Answer Explanation: Pemmican is a concentrated food made from dried meat and fat, used by explorers. It is a high-calorie, nutrient-rich food that provides sustenance in harsh environments.
What did the term “Goggles” refer to in the context of Arctic exploration?
- Mock suns, an optical phenomenon that occurs in the Arctic.
- Vehicles used for transport over snow and ice.
- Eye protection used to prevent snow blindness.
- Leather shoes worn with snowshoes.
Correct Answer: Eye protection used to prevent snow blindness.
Correct Answer Explanation: “Goggles” are eye protection used to prevent snow blindness. They are essential in the Arctic where the reflected sunlight can cause severe eye damage.
What did the term “Kamoogas” refer to in the context of Arctic exploration?
- Mock suns, an optical phenomenon that occurs in the Arctic.
- Vehicles used for transport over snow and ice.
- Eye protection used to prevent snow blindness.
- Leather shoes worn with snowshoes.
Correct Answer: Leather shoes worn with snowshoes.
Correct Answer Explanation: “Kamoogas” are leather shoes worn with snowshoes. They provide warmth and insulation for the feet in the frigid Arctic conditions.
What did Pierre le Grand, the first pirate of Tortuga, capture with only 28 men?
- A Spanish galleon
- A British merchant ship
- A Dutch trading vessel
- A French privateer
Correct Answer: A Spanish vessel
Correct Answer Explanation: Pierre le Grand, or Peter the Great, was the first pirate of Tortuga and was famous for capturing a Spanish vessel with only 28 men. This daring feat established him as a legend among the early pirates of Tortuga.
How did Bartholomew Portuguez escape execution after being captured?
- He bribed his captors with a large sum of gold.
- He escaped during a storm at sea.
- He convinced his captors that he was a valuable asset.
- He stabbed his guard and swam to shore with the help of wine jars.
Correct Answer: He stabbed his guard and swam to shore with the help of wine jars.
Correct Answer Explanation: Portuguez escaped execution by stabbing his guard and swimming to shore with the help of wine jars. This daring escape showcased his resourcefulness and determination to survive.
What was the method of torture that Roche Brasiliano was known for?
- Impaling his victims on stakes
- Burning his victims alive
- Cutting off the ears and noses of his prisoners
- Ordering men to be roasted alive on spits for not showing him hog yards to plunder.
Correct Answer: Ordering men to be roasted alive on spits for not showing him hog yards to plunder.
Correct Answer Explanation: Brasiliano was known to order men to be roasted alive on spits for not showing him hog yards to plunder. His brutality and sadistic nature made him a terrifying figure among the pirates.
What method of torture did Lolonois use to extract information about hidden treasure from prisoners?
- Burning matches on their skin
- Whipping them with chains
- Forcing them to walk on hot coals
- Drowning them in a pit of vipers
Correct Answer: Burning matches on their skin
Correct Answer Explanation: Lolonois tortured prisoners with burning matches and other cruel methods to extract information about hidden treasure. His ruthlessness and cruelty were notorious in the pirate world.
How did Morgan trick a French pirate captain into dinner and take him prisoner?
- He offered him a truce and a generous share of the loot.
- He invited him to a feast and then captured him with his men.
- He used a fake surrender to lure him into a trap.
- He ambushed him during a sea battle and captured him.
Correct Answer: He invited him to a feast and then captured him with his men.
Correct Answer Explanation: Morgan tricked a French pirate captain into dinner and then took him prisoner, using his ship and crew for his own purposes. This act of treachery showcased Morgan’s cunning and ruthlessness.
What was the outcome of Captain Sawkins’ valiant battle against a Spanish fleet near Panama?
- He was defeated and his ship was destroyed.
- He managed to escape with a small amount of loot.
- He captured a number of Spanish ships and secured a significant amount of treasure.
- He was captured and hanged by the Spanish authorities.
Correct Answer: He captured a number of Spanish ships and secured a significant amount of treasure.
Correct Answer Explanation: Captain Sawkins and his men fought a valiant battle against a Spanish fleet, boarding and capturing their ships. This victory earned him a reputation for bravery and success among the pirates.
What method did Captain Kidd use to deceive ships?
- He used a false flag and a Portuguese prisoner to trick a ship into boarding and ultimately capture.
- He pretended to be a merchant ship carrying valuable goods.
- He used French flags and passes to deceive ships, later claiming that he was a privateer.
- He used a secret code to communicate with his crew, fooling other ships.
Correct Answer: He used French flags and passes to deceive ships, later claiming that he was a privateer.
Correct Answer Explanation: Kidd used French flags and passes to deceive ships, later claiming that he was a privateer. This deception allowed him to capture ships and loot their treasure without facing accusations of piracy.
What happened to Avery after capturing the Great Mogul’s ship?
- He returned to England and lived a life of luxury.
- He was captured and hanged for piracy.
- He abandoned his allies and sailed away with the largest share of the treasure.
- He shared the treasure equally among his crew.
Correct Answer: He abandoned his allies and sailed away with the largest share of the treasure.
Correct Answer Explanation: After capturing the Great Mogul’s ship, Avery seized the treasure and then abandoned his allies, making off with the largest portion for himself. This act of greed ultimately led to his downfall.
What method did Roberts use to trick a ship into boarding?
- He used a false flag and a Portuguese prisoner to trick a ship into boarding and ultimately capture.
- He pretended to be a merchant ship carrying valuable goods.
- He used a secret code to communicate with his crew, fooling other ships.
- He used a signal flare to lure the ship into his trap.
Correct Answer: He used a false flag and a Portuguese prisoner to trick a ship into boarding and ultimately capture.
Correct Answer Explanation: Roberts used a false flag and a Portuguese prisoner to trick a ship into boarding and ultimately capture. This cunning tactic allowed him to take control of the ship and seize its treasure.
What was Captain Misson’s code of conduct, despite being a pirate?
- He spared the lives of his prisoners and distributed captured goods among his crew.
- He treated his prisoners with respect and kindness.
- He shared his loot with the poor and needy.
- He followed a strict set of religious principles.
Correct Answer: He spared the lives of his prisoners and distributed captured goods among his crew.
Correct Answer Explanation: Captain Misson, despite being a pirate, adopted a code of honor and humane treatment for his prisoners, sparing their lives and distributing captured goods among his crew. This set him apart from many other pirates known for their brutality.
What happened to the crew of the Polaris, Captain Hall’s ship, after being stranded on a floating ice floe?
- They were rescued by a passing ship.
- They were forced to abandon ship and make their way to shore.
- They were eventually found dead from exposure and starvation.
- They were rescued after being stranded on a floating ice floe for six months.
Correct Answer: They were rescued after being stranded on a floating ice floe for six months.
Correct Answer Explanation: The crew of the Polaris, Captain Hall’s ship, was rescued after being stranded on a floating ice floe for six months. Their survival was a testament to their resilience and determination.
What was the fate of the crew of the Tegethoff, an Austro-Hungarian expedition ship, after spending two years beset in the ice?
- They were rescued by a passing ship.
- They were forced to abandon ship and make their way to shore.
- They were eventually found dead from exposure and starvation.
- They were rescued after spending two years beset in the ice.
Correct Answer: They were rescued after spending two years beset in the ice.
Correct Answer Explanation: The crew of the Tegethoff, an Austro-Hungarian expedition ship, spent two years beset in the ice. Their ordeal tested their limits and showcased their endurance in the face of adversity.
Which ship, under Captain Nares, reached the highest latitude ever attained by a ship?
- The Victory
- The Alert
- The Polaris
- The Tegethoff
Correct Answer: The Alert
Correct Answer Explanation: The Alert, under Captain Nares, reached 82° 24′ N., the highest latitude ever attained by a ship. This achievement pushed the boundaries of Arctic exploration.
Which two explorers, Commander Markham and Lieutenant Parr, reached the highest latitude ever reached by land?
- Markham and Parr
- Nares and Hall
- Ross and Parry
- Wrangell and Nordenskiöld
Correct Answer: Markham and Parr
Correct Answer Explanation: Commander Markham and Lieutenant Parr reached 83° 20′ 26″ N., the highest latitude ever reached by land. Their journey was a testament to human resilience and the pursuit of scientific discovery.
How far did Wrangell travel from land on dog sledges during his Arctic explorations?
- 50 miles
- 100 miles
- 170 miles
- 200 miles
Correct Answer: 170 miles
Correct Answer Explanation: Wrangell traveled over 170 miles from land on dog sledges during his Arctic explorations. This was a remarkable feat, considering the harsh conditions and challenging terrain.
Which ship, Sir John Ross’s steamship, was the first steam vessel employed in Arctic exploration?
- The Alert
- The Victory
- The Polaris
- The Tegethoff
Correct Answer: The Victory
Correct Answer Explanation: Sir John Ross’s steamship, the Victory, was the first steam vessel employed in Arctic exploration. This marked a significant advancement in Arctic exploration, enabling faster travel and greater endurance.