What is the average rise of spring tides around the coast of England?
- 10 feet
- 15 feet
- 20 feet
- 25 feet
Correct Answer: 15 feet
Correct Answer Explanation: Spring tides, which occur when the sun and moon are aligned, have the highest tides. The average rise of spring tides around the coast of England is about 15 feet.
What is the primary cause of the action of seawater on cement?
- The presence of salt in seawater
- The high pH of seawater
- The reaction of sulphuric acid in seawater with the calcium hydrate in the cement
- The erosion caused by wave action
Correct Answer: The reaction of sulphuric acid in seawater with the calcium hydrate in the cement
Correct Answer Explanation: Seawater contains sulphuric acid, which reacts with the calcium hydrate in cement, leading to a chemical reaction that weakens the concrete.
What is the typical daily amount of water used per person for domestic purposes?
- 5 gallons
- 10 gallons
- 15 gallons
- 20 gallons
Correct Answer: 15 gallons
Correct Answer Explanation: In 1905, the average amount of water used per head per day for domestic purposes was about 15 gallons.
What is the name for the point in a celestial object’s orbit closest to the earth?
- Aphelion
- Apogee
- Perigee
- Perihelion
Correct Answer: Perigee
Correct Answer Explanation: Perigee is the point in a celestial object’s orbit closest to the earth.
What is the approximate pressure increase on a diver for every foot in depth?
- 1/4 lb per square inch
- 1/2 lb per square inch
- 1 lb per square inch
- 2 lb per square inch
Correct Answer: 1/2 lb per square inch
Correct Answer Explanation: The pressure of the water on a diver increases by about 1/2lb per square inch for every foot in depth.
What is the name for the force that pushes an object away from the center of its circular path?
- Centripetal force
- Centrifugal force
- Gravitational force
- Tidal force
Correct Answer: Centrifugal force
Correct Answer Explanation: Centrifugal force is the force that pushes an object away from the center of its circular path.
What is the name of the point in a planet’s orbit farthest from the sun?
- Aphelion
- Apogee
- Perigee
- Perihelion
Correct Answer: Aphelion
Correct Answer Explanation: Aphelion is the point in a planet’s orbit farthest from the sun.
What is the typical speed of the primary tidal wave in the Southern Ocean?
- 250 miles per hour
- 350 miles per hour
- 450 miles per hour
- 550 miles per hour
Correct Answer: 550 miles per hour
Correct Answer Explanation: The speed of the primary tidal wave in the Southern Ocean is about 550 miles per hour.
What is the average percentage of effective impermeable area in a town?
- 2 percent
- 5 percent
- 10 percent
- 15 percent
Correct Answer: 5 percent
Correct Answer Explanation: Based on a density of 4.9 people per acre, the average percentage of effective impermeable area in a town is about 5 percent.
What is the largest diameter windmill recommended for pumping sewage?
- 10 feet
- 15 feet
- 20 feet
- 25 feet
Correct Answer: 20 feet
Correct Answer Explanation: A 20-foot diameter windmill is the largest recommended for pumping sewage, as larger mills become less efficient.
What is the typical amount of sewage delivered between 7 p.m. and 7 a.m.?
- 10 percent
- 15 percent
- 22 percent
- 30 percent
Correct Answer: 22 percent
Correct Answer Explanation: Approximately 22 percent of the total daily dry weather flow of sewage is delivered between 7 p.m. and 7 a.m.
What is the name for the time it takes for rainfall to flow from the farthest point in a drainage area to a specific point in the sewer system?
- Time of concentration
- Time of flow
- Time of discharge
- Time of retention
Correct Answer: Time of concentration
Correct Answer Explanation: Time of concentration refers to the time it takes for rainfall to flow from the farthest point in a drainage area to a specific point in the sewer system.
What is the name for the surfaces that do not allow water to pass through, such as roads and rooftops?
- Impermeable areas
- Permeable areas
- Porous areas
- Absorbent areas
Correct Answer: Impermeable areas
Correct Answer Explanation: Impermeable areas are surfaces that do not allow water to pass through, such as roads and rooftops.
What is the name for tides that occur near the equinoxes, usually with the highest range?
- Spring tides
- Neap tides
- Equinoctial tides
- High tides
Correct Answer: Equinoctial tides
Correct Answer Explanation: Equinoctial tides occur near the equinoxes and often have the highest range.
What is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance, typically water?
- Specific gravity
- Density
- Volume
- Mass
Correct Answer: Specific gravity
Correct Answer Explanation: Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a substance to the density of a reference substance, typically water.
What is the name of the highest tide ever recorded in the UK?
- The Bristol Channel
- The Thames River
- The Chepstow Tide
- The Great Crosby Outfall Sewer
Correct Answer: The Chepstow Tide
Correct Answer Explanation: The highest tide ever recorded in the UK occurred in Chepstow in 1883, with a rise of 48 feet 6 inches.
What is the name for the system that uses the velocity of sewage to direct storm water into a separate overflow drain?
- A Leap Weir
- A Diverting Plate
- A Box Sextant
- A Tide Gauge
Correct Answer: A Leap Weir
Correct Answer Explanation: Leap weirs use the velocity of sewage to direct storm water into a separate overflow drain, minimizing the burden on the main sewer.
Which river is known for its relatively low flow of upland water, causing sewage to take a long time to travel to the sea?
- The Bristol Channel
- The Thames River
- The Mersey
- The Southern Ocean
Correct Answer: The Thames River
Correct Answer Explanation: The Thames River is an example of how upland water flow impacts sewage dispersal. At Barking, sewage takes approximately 30 days to travel 31 miles to the sea due to the relatively low flow of upland water.
What is the name for the point in a celestial object’s orbit farthest from the earth?
- Aphelion
- Apogee
- Perigee
- Perihelion
Correct Answer: Apogee
Correct Answer Explanation: Apogee is the point in a celestial object’s orbit farthest from the earth.
Which outfall sewer utilizes a unique pile-driving technique involving a water jet?
- The Bristol Channel
- The Thames River
- The Great Crosby Outfall Sewer
- The Waterloo Sea Outfall
Correct Answer: The Waterloo Sea Outfall
Correct Answer Explanation: The Waterloo sea outfall utilizes a unique pile-driving technique involving a water jet to drive piles into sand and silt.
What is the average length of a tidal day?
- 24 hours
- 24 hours and 12 minutes
- 24 hours and 36 minutes
- 24 hours and 52 minutes
Correct Answer: 24 hours and 52 minutes
Correct Answer Explanation: The tidal day averages 24 hours and 52 minutes, as the moon moves eastward in its orbit around the earth.
Which of these is not a major factor that influences tidal patterns?
- The moon’s gravitational pull
- The sun’s gravitational pull
- The earth’s rotation
- The wind’s direction
Correct Answer: The wind’s direction
Correct Answer Explanation: While wind can affect local water levels, the primary drivers of tides are the moon’s and sun’s gravitational pull, and the earth’s rotation.
What is the main purpose of a diving dress?
- To protect divers from the cold
- To protect divers from marine life
- To allow divers to breathe underwater
- To help divers carry heavy equipment
Correct Answer: To allow divers to breathe underwater
Correct Answer Explanation: Diving dresses provide a way for divers to breathe underwater by supplying air from the surface.
What is the name of the device used to measure angles between three fixed points on shore to determine the position of a boat or floating object?
- A Leap Weir
- A Diverting Plate
- A Box Sextant
- A Tide Gauge
Correct Answer: A Box Sextant
Correct Answer Explanation: Box sextants are used to measure angles between three fixed points on shore to determine the position of a boat or floating object.
What is the name for the process of slowly reducing pressure on a diver after they have been underwater?
- Decompression
- Respiration
- Saturation Diving
- Pressure Equalization
Correct Answer: Decompression
Correct Answer Explanation: Decompression is the process of slowly reducing pressure on a diver after they have been underwater, which helps to prevent nitrogen bubbles from forming in their blood.
What is the typical allowance of sewage flow per head per day for resident visitors?
- 5 gallons
- 10 gallons
- 15 gallons
- 20 gallons
Correct Answer: 10 gallons
Correct Answer Explanation: An allowance of 10 gallons per head per day is typically sufficient for resident visitors.
What is the typical allowance of sewage flow per head per day for daily trippers?
- 5 gallons
- 10 gallons
- 15 gallons
- 20 gallons
Correct Answer: 5 gallons
Correct Answer Explanation: An allowance of 5 gallons per head per day is typically sufficient for daily trippers.
What is the name of the process that occurs when nitrogen gas from the air is absorbed by the blood and tissues of a diver under pressure?
- Decompression
- Respiration
- Saturation Diving
- Nitrogen Narcosis
Correct Answer: Nitrogen Narcosis
Correct Answer Explanation: Nitrogen Narcosis is a condition that can occur when nitrogen gas from the air is absorbed by the blood and tissues of a diver under pressure. It can lead to confusion, impaired judgment, and even unconsciousness.
What is the primary material used in the Great Crosby Outfall Sewer for support?
- Cast iron pipes
- Steel pipes
- Greenheart piles
- Concrete breakwater
Correct Answer: Greenheart piles
Correct Answer Explanation: The Great Crosby outfall sewer utilizes greenheart piles for support, sheeting to stabilize the excavation, and steel rails to support the sewer pipes.
What is the name for the outfall sewer that features cast iron pipes embedded in a heavy concrete breakwater?
- The Bristol Channel
- The Thames River
- The Great Crosby Outfall Sewer
- The Aberdeen Sea Outfall
Correct Answer: The Aberdeen Sea Outfall
Correct Answer Explanation: The Aberdeen outfall sewer features cast iron pipes embedded in a heavy concrete breakwater, showcasing a robust design for resisting wave action.
What is the approximate extra cost of pumping storm water per 1,000 gallons?
- 1/2 d
- 1 d
- 1 1/2 d
- 2 d
Correct Answer: 1 1/2 d
Correct Answer Explanation: The extra cost of pumping storm water can be around 1-1/2 d. per 1,000 gallons.
What is the approximate cost of constructing a separate surface water system per lineal yard of road?
- 5s. 0d.
- 10s. 0d.
- 15s. 0d.
- 20s. 0d.
Correct Answer: 15s. 0d.
Correct Answer Explanation: The cost of constructing a separate surface water system can be approximately 15s. 0d. per lineal yard of road.
What is the typical percentage of rain falling on impermeable areas that reaches the sewers?
- 50 percent
- 60 percent
- 70 percent
- 80 percent
Correct Answer: 70 to 80 percent
Correct Answer Explanation: On average, only 70 to 80 percent of the rain falling on impermeable areas reaches the sewers.
What is the name for the type of tide that occurs when the sun and moon are at right angles to each other, resulting in lower tides than spring tides?
- Spring tides
- Neap tides
- Equinoctial tides
- High tides
Correct Answer: Neap tides
Correct Answer Explanation: Neap tides occur when the sun and moon are at right angles to each other, resulting in lower tides than spring tides.
What is the name for the point in a celestial object’s orbit closest to the sun?
- Aphelion
- Apogee
- Perigee
- Perihelion
Correct Answer: Perihelion
Correct Answer Explanation: Perihelion is the point in a planet’s orbit closest to the sun.
What is the name for the force that pulls an object towards the center of its circular path?
- Centripetal force
- Centrifugal force
- Gravitational force
- Tidal force
Correct Answer: Centripetal force
Correct Answer Explanation: Centripetal force is the force that pulls an object towards the center of its circular path.
What is the specific gravity of seawater?
- 1.000
- 1.010
- 1.020
- 1.027
Correct Answer: 1.027
Correct Answer Explanation: The specific gravity of seawater is 1.027, meaning a column of seawater 12 inches high requires a column of freshwater 12 1/3 inches high to balance it.
What is the name for the outfall sewer that discharges into the Mersey River?
- The Bristol Channel
- The Thames River
- The Great Crosby Outfall Sewer
- The Waterloo Sea Outfall
Correct Answer: The Great Crosby Outfall Sewer
Correct Answer Explanation: The Great Crosby outfall sewer, which discharges into the Mersey, utilizes greenheart piles for support, sheeting to stabilize the excavation, and steel rails to support the sewer pipes.
What is the approximate weight of a diving dress and equipment, including lead weights?
- 50 pounds
- 100 pounds
- 150 pounds
- 175 pounds
Correct Answer: 175 pounds
Correct Answer Explanation: A diving dress and equipment weighs about 175 pounds, including lead weights.
What is the name for the device that uses a movable plate to direct storm water into an overflow drain, with an inclined screen to remove floating debris?
- A Leap Weir
- A Diverting Plate
- A Box Sextant
- A Tide Gauge
Correct Answer: A Diverting Plate
Correct Answer Explanation: Diverting plates use a movable plate to direct storm water into an overflow drain, with an inclined screen to remove floating debris.
What is the approximate amount of air a diver needs per minute for respiration?
- 0.5 cubic feet
- 1.0 cubic feet
- 1.5 cubic feet
- 2.0 cubic feet
Correct Answer: 1.5 cubic feet
Correct Answer Explanation: A diver needs about 1.5 cubic feet of air per minute for respiration.
Which of these is a key factor in designing sea outfalls, according to Adams?
- The color of the water
- The temperature of the water
- The depth of the water
- The tidal conditions
Correct Answer: The tidal conditions
Correct Answer Explanation: The book emphasizes the importance of understanding tidal conditions, current patterns, and the presence of sensitive areas when designing sea outfalls.
Which of these is not a concern regarding the use of concrete in marine environments?
- The reaction of seawater with the cement
- The erosion of concrete by wave action
- The growth of marine organisms on concrete
- The presence of impurities in seawater
Correct Answer: The presence of impurities in seawater
Correct Answer Explanation: While seawater can contain impurities, the primary concern regarding concrete in marine environments is the chemical reaction of seawater with the cement.
Which of these is a cost-effective solution for pumping sewage in small towns, according to Adams?
- Windmills
- Steam engines
- Electric motors
- Hydraulic pumps
Correct Answer: Windmills
Correct Answer Explanation: Adams discusses how windmills can be a cost-effective solution for pumping sewage in small towns, offering a sustainable option for pumping, though requiring a backup engine for periods of calm wind.
Which of these is a key factor in determining the ideal site for a sea outfall?
- The distance to the nearest town
- The proximity to bathing grounds
- The depth of the water
- The availability of construction materials
Correct Answer: The proximity to bathing grounds
Correct Answer Explanation: The book highlights the importance of selecting an outfall site that effectively carries sewage away from the shoreline, considering sensitive areas like bathing grounds and oyster beds.
Which of these is a common method for gauging sewage flow?
- Observing the color of the sewage
- Measuring the volume of sewage over time
- Estimating the number of people using the sewage system
- Measuring the speed of the sewage flow
Correct Answer: Measuring the volume of sewage over time
Correct Answer Explanation: Gauging sewage flow is crucial in designing sewer systems, and this is typically done by measuring the volume of sewage over time.
What is the name for the type of tide that occurs when the sun and moon are aligned, resulting in higher tides than neap tides?
- Spring tides
- Neap tides
- Equinoctial tides
- High tides
Correct Answer: Spring tides
Correct Answer Explanation: Spring tides occur when the sun and moon are aligned, resulting in higher tides than neap tides.
Which of these is a common method for ensuring the structural integrity of sea outfall structures?
- Using stronger materials
- Conducting regular inspections
- Using thicker pipes
- Using a different design
Correct Answer: Conducting regular inspections
Correct Answer Explanation: Diving inspections are essential for ensuring the structural integrity of sea outfall structures, particularly during construction.
What is the name for the type of overflow drain that uses the velocity of sewage to direct storm water into a separate overflow drain?
- A Leap Weir
- A Diverting Plate
- A Box Sextant
- A Tide Gauge
Correct Answer: A Leap Weir
Correct Answer Explanation: Leap weirs use the velocity of sewage to direct storm water into a separate overflow drain, minimizing the burden on the main sewer.
What is the name for the outfall sewer that utilizes greenheart piles for support, sheeting to stabilize the excavation, and steel rails to support the sewer pipes?
- The Bristol Channel
- The Thames River
- The Great Crosby Outfall Sewer
- The Waterloo Sea Outfall
Correct Answer: The Great Crosby Outfall Sewer
Correct Answer Explanation: The Great Crosby outfall sewer, which discharges into the Mersey, utilizes greenheart piles for support, sheeting to stabilize the excavation, and steel rails to support the sewer pipes.
Which of these is a concern regarding the use of windmills for pumping sewage?
- They are too expensive to build
- They are not reliable in all weather conditions
- They are too noisy
- They are not efficient enough
Correct Answer: They are not reliable in all weather conditions
Correct Answer Explanation: While windmills offer a sustainable option for pumping, a backup engine is necessary for periods of calm wind.