How well do you know lasers & IPLs?

Quiz Questions

• 1.
  What is wavelength?

  • A.
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    Frequency of light
  • B.
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    Colour of light
  • C.
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    Speed of light
• 2.
  Which human chromophores or tissue types are typically utilised for selective light absorption in photothermal treatments?

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  • A.
    Collagen and keratin
  • B.
    Water and fat
  • C.
    Haemoglobin and melanin
• 3.
  The Fitzpatrick skin typing protocol was originally developed for the purpose of 

  • A.
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    accurate determination of skin colour to faclicitate laser/IPL treatments
  • B.
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    estimation of how tolerant different skin types are to UVB radiation exposure
  • C.
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    estimation and differentiation of the ethnicity of humans
• 4.
  Which tissue temperature range is typically required in TYPICAL laser/IPL treatments to denature living cells beyond repair?

  • A.
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    55 - 60 degrees Celsius
  • B.
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    70 - 75 degrees Celsius
  • C.
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    90 - 95 degrees Celsius
• 5.
  Where is most of the melanin in human skin typically found?

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  • A.
    In the epidermis
  • B.
    In the basal layer
  • C.
    In the dermis
• 6.
  The maximum visible spectra wavelength range in human beings is

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  • A.
    300 - 800 nm
  • B.
    450 - 700 nm
  • C.
    380 - 780 nm
• 7.
   A 'normal' reaction after laser tattoo treatments includes:

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  • A.
    Erythema and swelling
  • B.
    Blistering and itchiness
  • C.
    Swelling and peeling
• 8.
  The hair follicle stem/germ cells that will create new anagen hair growth cycles is located

  • A.
    Inside the hair bulb in the hair root papilla that produce the growing hair
  • B.
    Just outside the outer root sheet in the bulge region of the follicle 
  • C.
    In the sebaceous gland that is appendix to the follicle.
• 9.
  What is Selective Photothermolysis?

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  • A.
    Photo bio-stimulation of tissue with selected colour of light to reduce inflammation
  • B.
    Skin rejuvenation by laser resurfacing 
  • C.
    Selective coagulation of local tissue structures by utilising specific colour of light that has high absorption in the common skin chromophores
• 10.
  How thick is a typical human epidermis?

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  • A.
    50 to 100 microns
  • B.
    0.1 to 0.5 mm
  • C.
    More than 200 microns
• 11.
  Laser/IPL treatments can be painful. If you have a choice between two different spot size, one small with diameter 10 mm and a large with diameter 15 mm. Which spot size is preferred to minimise the pain assuming that you would use the same fluence and pulse duration.

  • A.
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    The pain does not depend on the spot size, it only depends on fluence
  • B.
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    The big spot size
  • C.
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    The small spot size
• 12.
  What can induce more dermal scattering?

  • A.
    Light energy
  • B.
    Repetition rate
  • C.
    Scar tissue
• 13.
  The colour of human melanin ranges from

  • A.
    red-yellow to black
  • B.
    light brown to black
  • C.
    brown to black
• 14.
  The human skin is optically opaque which implicates that a collimated beam of light (like a laser) will be  

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  • A.
    kept collimated through the epidermis/dermis
  • B.
    focused in the lower dermis due to the high refractive index of collagen
  • C.
    scattered strongly and a substantial part of the radiation will leave the skin in the backward direction
• 15.
  At what temperature is pain felt in the skin?

  • A.
    40 degrees Celsius
  • B.
    45 degrees Celsius
  • C.
    50 degrees Celsius
• 16.
  For a given pulse duration the peak power depends on :

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  • A.
    Wavelength
  • B.
    Energy
  • C.
    Spot diameter
• 17.
  Following laser treatment, tattoo ink is removed from the dermis by:

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  • A.
    Urination
  • B.
    Sloughing
  • C.
    Lymphatic drainage
• 18.
  Laser hair removal induces which type of reaction?

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  • A.
    Photothermal
  • B.
    Photomechanical
  • C.
    Photoablation
• 19.
  Which colours of light is reflected when a red object is illuminated with white light (i.e. contains all colours) 

  • A.
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    Blue and green
  • B.
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    Yellow and orange
  • C.
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    Red
• 20.
  'Frosting' in laser tattoo treatments is caused by:

  • A.
    Steam bubbles forming
  • B.
    Too much energy
  • C.
    The wrong wavelength
• 21.
  What is the thermal relaxation time?

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  • A.
    It is the pulse duration of the laser
  • B.
    It is the heating time of the targets
  • C.
    It is the cooling time of the targets
• 22.
  What is 'fluence'?     

  • A.
    Energy/time
  • B.
    Energy/wavelength
  • C.
    Energy/spot size
• 23.
  Visible laser energy is:

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  • A.
    Ionising
  • B.
    Non-ionising
  • C.
    Both
• 24.
  The chromophore in hair removal is

  • A.
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    The germ cells
  • B.
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    The hair shaft
  • C.
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    The melanin
• 25.
  The chromophores present in the epidermis are

  • A.
    Only melanin
  • B.
    A mix of melanin and haemoglobin
  • C.
    Only haemoglobin
• 26.
  Severe side effects after laser/IPL treatments are mainly due to the fact that

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  • A.
    The operator has a poor knowledge of dermatology
  • B.
    Poor calibration of the light energy source
  • C.
    The operator has a poor knowledge about the device and/or lack of appropriate skills regarding the optical properties of the skin
• 27.
  A typical IPL system might emit:   

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  • A.
    300 - 600 nm
  • B.
    500 - 1500 nm
  • C.
    400 - 1200 nm
• 28.
  Which laser spot diameter will penetrate furthest into the dermis?

  • A.
    2 mm
  • B.
    4 mm
  • C.
    6 mm
• 29.
  The energy density of laser/IPL equipment is called fluence. What is the correct unit for fluence?

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  • A.
    W/cm^2
  • B.
    J/cm^2
  • C.
    J
• 30.
  The pulse duration determines

  • A.
    Absorption
  • B.
    Peak temperatures
  • C.
    Fluence
• 31.
  Which wavelength penetrates the deepest in to the dermis?

  • A.
    1064 nm
  • B.
    532 nm
  • C.
    755 nm
• 32.
  The peak temperature in the tissue at a fixed fluence of a laser /IPL will

  • A.
    Increase if the pulse duration is made longer
  • B.
    Increase if the pulse duration is made shorter
  • C.
    Not change for different pulse durations as the peak temperature only depends on the fluence
• 33.
  Blood absorbs this wavelength 'best'?  

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  • A.
    585 nm
  • B.
    1064 nm
  • C.
    808 nm
• 34.
  'Optical density' is

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  • A.
    Energy/time
  • B.
    The optical thickness of safety glasses
  • C.
    The optical properties of a laser crystal
• 35.
  Severe side effects after laser/IPL treatments such as burns, blistering, scarring, hypo-and hyper pigmentation is typically a result of 

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  • A.
    overheating of dermis due to high blood absorption  
  • B.
    overheating of epidermis due to strong epidermal melanin absorption
  • C.
    overheating of dermis due to excessive light absorption in dermal melanin

Quiz Outcomes

• 1.
  You definitely need some further training!!

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• 2.
  You are in the 'mid range'!!

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  You will surely benefit from our new book...
• 3.
  You are very knowledgeable but could know more...

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  You know your stuff!!! But we think you might learn more from our new book...
• 4.
  You are in the top 5% of laser operators!! Well done. But, you might find our book useful.....

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