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A great result! Your knowledge of ANE is ready to share.
Congratulations! You have a really sound knowledge of Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy and are a bit of an expert. You're ready to share with family, friends and colleagues. You can always brush up your knowledge at any time by going to our website at ANE International, where new, relevant information is added as it's published by the scientific community. You can find the quiz answers below.www.aneinternational.org1. Which statement correctly explains what Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy means?Acute - A disease that is of short duration & sudden onset. Necrotizing - Death of cells in living tissue. Encephalopathy - A disease or disorder of the brain.2. ANE typically affects..... In the medical literature the majority of ANE cases are in children who have not been vaccinated for influenza.3. ANE is most commonly known to occur after a viral illness. Which of the following statements is correct.Mycoplasma pneumoniae bacteria is associated with ANE, the most common illness caused by these bacteria is, tracheobronchitis (chest cold). ANE can present with either respiratory or gastrointestinal infection.4. Which of the following infections are associated with ANE?All of these and other viruses have been reported to trigger an ANE episode.5. Which of the following symptoms are the most common signs of ANE?All of the above can be signs of ANE, but lethargy (progressing to coma) and seizures are the most common.6. Which statement is NOT correct?Recurrence of ANE in isolated cases is rare but can happen. RANBP2 missense mutations were not the sole susceptibility for familial or recurrent ANE which accounted for 75% in a case series by Neilson & colleagues. Cases with recurrent ANE but without RANBP2 missense mutations have also been reported.7. When do symptoms of ANE typically appear?Within 12 hours to three or four days of the first awareness of viral symptoms.8. The distinct characteristic of ANE is.....In some patients no evidence of infection is ever found. Inflammation of the brain is associated with many neurological conditions, however the symmetrical lesions of the thalamus and other regions of the brain are a distinct feature of ANE. 9. Which is the correct statement?While ANE is most commonly seen in previously healthy children under the age of 6 years, it can and does affect people of any age. Adult and teen cases have been reported.10. Ranbp2 is the gene most associated with ANE. Which statement is NOT correct? Only 40% of carriers of a variation in the Ranbp2 gene will experience ANE. 11. In ANE patients what is the accepted cause of the brain being affected?Typically no infection is found within the brain or cerebral spinal fluid in ANE patients. Hypercytokinaemia or cytokine storm, an exaggerated immune response is the accepted course of the disease.12. Which statement is correct?The mortality rate of ANE is classed as high at 30%. Only 10% of patients recover fully, the remainder having varying degrees of brain injury from mild to severe.13. Neurological symptoms of ANE may include which of the following? All of the above.Abnormal pupil size or nonreactivity to light. Change in level of consciousness or alertness, such as passing out or unresponsiveness. Difficulty swallowing. Disorientation. Dizziness or vertigo. Garbled or slurred speech or inability to speak. Loss of muscle coordination. Respiratory or breathing problems, such as shortness of breath, difficulty breathing, labored breathing, wheezing, not breathing, choking. Seizures. Sudden paralysis or inability to move a body part. Vision changes or sudden blindness.14. At this time there is no recommended therapies for the treatment of ANE in the acute stage.This is correct. Intensive care, symptomatic treatment and empirical treatments such as the use of anti virals and immunomodulatory agents are "tested' in the majority of cases. See https://aneinternational.org/treatment/ for further information.15. The diagnostic criteria for ANE has how many components?1) Acute encephalopathy following a viral febrile disease & rapid deterioration in the level of consciousness, convulsion. 2) Increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein without CSF pleocytosis. 3) CT or MRI findings for symmetric, multifocal brain lesions involving bilateral thalami, cerebral periventricular white matter, internal capsule, putamen, upper brain stem tegmentum and cerebellar medulla without involvement of other CNS regions. 4) Elevation of serum aminotrasferase of variable degrees without hyperammonemia. 5) Exclusion of other resembling diseases.